View source for Congenital malformations of the auricle

== Classification of deformities according to Roger ==
* '''[[Congenital defects of the external and middle ear#Microcia|microcia]]''' (hypoplasia of pinna)
* '''overhanging bolt''' (lop ear)
* '''cone-shaped ear''' (cup ear)
* '''[[Otapostasis|retired bolter''' (otapostasis]])
== Classification according to Tanzer ==
* '''[[Congenital defects of the external and middle ear#anocia|Anocia]]''' (complete absence of pinna)
* '''complete hypoplasia''' (microcia) with / without atresia of the external auditory canal
* '''hypoplasia of the middle 1/3 of the ear'''
* '''hypoplasia of the upper 1/3 of the ear:''' "constricted ear" (overhanging pinna + cone-shaped ear), cryptocia, hypoplasia of the entire upper 1/3
* '''removed bolts'''
== Other deformities ==
* '''[[Congenital defects of the external and middle ear#Appendices preauriculares|appendices praeauriculares]]''' (rudimentary growths around the pinna)
* '''fistulas''' incomplete (lead a short distance) / complete (lead to the mouth or pharynx)
== Associated diseases ==
* '''[[hearing disorders]]''' based on anomalies of the middle ear, developmental disorders of the inner ear, hereditary disorders of cochlear development
* '''hemifacial microstomia'''
* '''[[urinary tract anomalies]]'''
== Treatment ==
* operation changing the shape of the cartilaginous part of the auricle → change of soft tissues.
* most often surgery for detached auricles
* in case of non-development of the auricle, we reconstruct the cartilaginous part with cartilage from the rib + soft tissue by tissue expansion and local displacements
<gallery>
File:Antihelix prae.jpg|Otapostasis
File:Antihelix post.jpg|Antihelix after reconstruction
File:Microtia lvl3.jpg|Microtia
</gallery>
<noinclude>

== Links ==
=== Related Articles ===
* [[Congenital defects of the external and middle ear]]
* [[Acquired Bolt Defects]]
=== References ===
* {{Cite
| type = book
| surname1 = Měšťák
| name1 = Jan
| others = yes
| title = Úvod do plastické chirurgie
| edition = 1
| location = Praha
| publisher = Univerzita Karlova v Praze - Nakladatelství Karolinum
| year = 2005
| range = 125
| isbn = 80-246-1150-3
}}

</noinclude>

[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Plastic surgery]]
[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Paediatrics]]
[[Category:Embryology]]