View source for The use of Endoscopy in Oncology

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Endoscopic examinations are extremely important for the '''diagnosis of tumors''' growing in hollow organs and body cavities. In addition to the diagnostic effect, endoscopic examinations can also have a '''therapeutic''' or '''palliative''' effect . We mainly use flexible endoscopes , less often rigid endoscopes ([[rectum]], [[abdominal cavity]]).

==Types of examinations==
===GIT===
The gastrointestinal tract can be inspected in its entirety.

*esophagoscopy, [[gastroscopy]] , [[colonoscopy]]
*rectal endosonography
*[[ERCP]]
*[[laparoscopy]] (the surface of the liver, gallbladder, peritoneum, ovaries, uterus can be inspected)

===Bronchopulmonary area===
[[Bronchoscopy]] and / or [[BAL]] (bronchoalveolar lavage) is mainly used to diagnose opportunistic infections, but tumor cells can also be identified.

*mediastinoscopy (we will examine the upper [[mediastinum]] only after [[Trachea|tracheal]] bifurcation; it is indicated to assess the operability of lung cancer and to [[biopsy]] the paratracheal nodes)
*thoracoscopy (examination of the pleural cavity)

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===Urinary tract===

*[[cystoscopy]] or fluorescent cystoscopy (photosensitization by protoporphyrin - the cells then glow, the tumor cells glow up to 17 times more than healthy cells; it also differentiates mucosal dysplasia)

===Gynecological area===

*[[colposcopy]] (reveals changes in the cervix; vinegar test, cytology)
*[[hysteroscopy]]

==References==
===Related articles===

*[[Endoscopy]]
*[[Endoscope]]
*[[Gastroscopy]]
*[[Colonoscopy]]
*[[Bronchoscopy]]

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