Dementia: Difference between revisions
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=== Cortical dementia with Lewy bodies === | === Cortical dementia with Lewy bodies === | ||
PSymptoms similar to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease . However, there are also '''Lewy bodies''' in the microscopic image. | PSymptoms similar to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease . However, there are also '''Lewy bodies''' in the microscopic image. | ||
'''Symptoms:''' | '''Symptoms:''' | ||
* a combination of dementia , parkinsonism and complex visual hallucinations is typical ; | * a combination of dementia , parkinsonism and complex visual hallucinations is typical ; | ||
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=== Dementia in Parkinson's disease === | === Dementia in Parkinson's disease === | ||
In 10-20% of Parkinson's patients, it has a subcortical character. | In 10-20% of Parkinson's patients, it has a subcortical character. | ||
'''Symptoms:''' | '''Symptoms:''' | ||
* overall deceleration; | * overall deceleration; | ||
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=== Frontotemporal dementia === | === Frontotemporal dementia === | ||
===== Pick disease ===== | ===== Pick disease ===== | ||
===== Frontotemporal dementia without Pick bodies ===== | ===== Frontotemporal dementia without Pick bodies ===== | ||
===== Progressive non-fluent aphasia ===== | ===== Progressive non-fluent aphasia ===== | ||
Left frontal cortex degeneration. Slow development of the disease. | Left frontal cortex degeneration. Slow development of the disease. | ||
'''Symptoms:''' | '''Symptoms:''' | ||
* have difficulty reading and writing text; | * have difficulty reading and writing text; | ||
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=== Huntington's disease === | === Huntington's disease === | ||
AD inheritance, on chromosome 4 - CGA triplet. It starts in 3-5. decade. | AD inheritance, on chromosome 4 - CGA triplet. It starts in 3-5. decade. | ||
'''Symptoms:''' | '''Symptoms:''' | ||
* initially neurological symptomatology - choreatic limb movements , rigidity ; | * initially neurological symptomatology - choreatic limb movements , rigidity; | ||
* less pronounced subcortical dementia . | * less pronounced subcortical dementia . | ||
=== Progressive supranuclear palsy === | === Progressive supranuclear palsy === | ||
= '''''Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome''''' It belongs to Parkinson's type diseases. | = '''''Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome''''' It belongs to Parkinson's type diseases. | ||
'''Symptoms:''' | '''Symptoms:''' | ||
* the disabled can only move their eyes horizontally | * the disabled can only move their eyes horizontally | ||
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== Secondary (symptomatic) dementia == | == Secondary (symptomatic) dementia == | ||
=== Ischemic vascular dementia === | === Ischemic vascular dementia === | ||
=== Other secondary dementia === | === Other secondary dementia === | ||
==== Dementia infectious etiology ==== | ==== Dementia infectious etiology ==== | ||
==== Metabolic dementia ==== | ==== Metabolic dementia ==== | ||
* '''dementia in hepatic encephalopathy'''; | * '''dementia in hepatic encephalopathy'''; | ||
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<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
=== Related articles === | === Related articles === | ||
Revision as of 23:54, 9 December 2021
Dementia is a global disorder of intellect, memory and personality that significantly disrupts normal daily activities that occur after the development of cognitive functions (after the second year of life). The percentage of patients increases with age, 5% of the population suffers from dementia at the age of 65. Loss of cognitive functions interferes with all activities of the affected person.
- Chronological course of performance decline in an individual:
- cognitive function affected;
- behavioral and emotional impairment;
- activities of daily living affected.
The clinical picture
- forgetfulness;
- spatial imagination and orientation disorder;
- wandering;
- disorders of executive functions (eg cookbooks forget how to cook, etc.);
- reduced intellectual performance;
- amnestic disorientation - a short-term memory disorder in which the sufferer does not remember where he or she is;
We also find dementia:
- emotional disorders ( anxiety , depression );
- behavioral disorders (aggression, restlessness);
- perceptual disorders ( hallucinations );
- sleep disorders ;
- disorders of cortical functions ;
- accessory symptoms - agraph , alexia , anuria , apraxia , agnosis .
Diagnosis
Orientation diagnostics:
- Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE):
- 30–27 points – standard;
- 26–25 points – mild cognitive impairment;
- 24–10 points – mild to moderate dementia;
- 9–6 points – moderate to severe dementia;
- 5–0 points – severe dementia.
Dementia of atrophic-degenerative origin
Alzheimer's disease
{More detailed information can be found on the pag|M. Alzheimer, clinical picture, treatment}}
Cortical dementia with Lewy bodies
PSymptoms similar to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease . However, there are also Lewy bodies in the microscopic image.
Symptoms:
- a combination of dementia , parkinsonism and complex visual hallucinations is typical ;
- paranoid-persecution delusions ;
- hypersensitivity to antipsychotics - extrapyramidal manifestations worsen after them !;
- often delirium ;
- fluctuations during the day;
- deficit of attention (!), verbal function and orientation in space.
Dementia in Parkinson's disease
In 10-20% of Parkinson's patients, it has a subcortical character.
Symptoms:
- overall deceleration;
- slow thinking ( bradypsychism );
- difficult to remember new information.
Frontotemporal dementia
Pick disease
Frontotemporal dementia without Pick bodies
Progressive non-fluent aphasia
Left frontal cortex degeneration. Slow development of the disease.
Symptoms:
- have difficulty reading and writing text;
- inability to remember the right word;
- inability to form a grammatically correct sentence;
- truncates words into shapes that sound similar;
- behavioral disorders.
Fluent progressive aphasia
- semantic dementia.
Dementia with amyotrophy
Huntington's disease
AD inheritance, on chromosome 4 - CGA triplet. It starts in 3-5. decade.
Symptoms:
- initially neurological symptomatology - choreatic limb movements , rigidity;
- less pronounced subcortical dementia .
Progressive supranuclear palsy
= Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome It belongs to Parkinson's type diseases.
Symptoms:
- the disabled can only move their eyes horizontally
- ends in death
Secondary (symptomatic) dementia
Ischemic vascular dementia
Other secondary dementia
Dementia infectious etiology
Metabolic dementia
- dementia in hepatic encephalopathy;
- dementia in uremic encephalopathy;
- pellagra;
- Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration);
- acute intermittent porphyria .
Dementia intoxication
- Alcohol's most common, simple alcoholic dementia resembles Alzheimer' disease
- Pharmacogenicin which the cause of improper therapy, most are reversible, mainly anticholinergics, some benzodiazepines.
- carbon monoxide .
- drugs.
Traumatic dementia
- posttraumatic
- extensive contusions;
- apallic syndrome;
- traumatic brain stem damage;;
- failure of basic memory contents (alexia, agrafie)
Other
- dementia based on normotensive hydrocephalus ;
- tumors ( glioblastoma multiforme );
- collagenosis ( SLE ) and others.
Links
Related articles
Sources
Použitá literatura
Kategorie:Psychiatry Kategorie:Neurology Kategorie:Internal Medicine
