Borrelia burgdorferi: Difference between revisions
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==Morfology== | ==Morfology== | ||
*Borrelia are typical for their elongated '''spiral shape '''(with flagellas at both ends), which allows them a helical movement, which is advantageous especially in the highly viscous environment of the [[intercellular mass|intercellular mass]].This type of movement allows them to cross both the epithelial barrier and the [[ | *Borrelia are typical for their elongated '''spiral shape '''(with flagellas at both ends), which allows them a helical movement, which is advantageous especially in the highly viscous environment of the [[intercellular mass|intercellular mass]].This type of movement allows them to cross both the epithelial barrier and the [[Blood Brain Barrier|blood-brain barrier]]. | ||
*They are also able to enter cells, such as [[Fibroblasts|Fibroblasts]], dendritic cells and [[macrophages|macrophages]], and survive in them. | *They are also able to enter cells, such as [[Fibroblasts|Fibroblasts]], dendritic cells and [[macrophages|macrophages]], and survive in them. | ||
*Borrelia are capable of '''high speed movements'''.<ref name="dpp" /> | *Borrelia are capable of '''high speed movements'''.<ref name="dpp" /> |
Revision as of 21:17, 5 February 2022
__BEZOBSAHU__ Template:Infobox - bakterie thumb|Schéma pohybového systému borélie: (1) pouzdro, (2) cytoplazma, (3) bičíky, (4) úpon bičíků thumb|Životní cyklus borelie Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (also known as Borreliella burgdorferi[1][2]) are bacterias of the spirochetes class. It is one of the causative agents of the multiorgan disease called Lyme diesease which is transmitted by ticks.
Morfology
- Borrelia are typical for their elongated spiral shape (with flagellas at both ends), which allows them a helical movement, which is advantageous especially in the highly viscous environment of the intercellular mass.This type of movement allows them to cross both the epithelial barrier and the blood-brain barrier.
- They are also able to enter cells, such as Fibroblasts, dendritic cells and macrophages, and survive in them.
- Borrelia are capable of high speed movements.[3]
Physiology a Cultivation
- Borrelia are microaerophiles that require an enriched complex medium with N-acetylglucosamine, amino acids, vitamins and nucleotides.[4]
- They do not have their own metabolic equipment, so they are fully dependent on the host and therefore are not able to grow in the external environment.
- They lack enzymes for the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides that they obtain from the host organism.
- They are adapted to low levels of iron, the active reduction of which in body fluids is one of the main mechanisms of non-specific antibacterial host defense.[3]
- Borrelia are able to form so-called „non-spiral“ forms with reduced metabolic activity. These are cystic forms and strangulation sacs containing cytoplasmic components. The transformation has been observed when exposing the classical spiral form to suboptimal living conditions such as low pH, lack of nutritional resources or low osmotic pressure. „Non-spiral“ forms are capable of 'reversing' into a fully metabolically active spiral form.[3]
Antigen characteristics
- Antigeny jsou vázány na povrchovou membránu a na bičíky.
- Bičíkové antigeny jsou druhově specifické. [4]
Faktory patogenity
- Aktivní pohyb bičíků.
- Přítomnost lipopolysacharidového komplexu. [4]
Laboratorní diagnostika
- Přímá detekce se provádí v zástinu, ve fázovém kontrastu, imunofluorescencí, stříbřením.
- Lymská borelióza se diagnostikuje sérologicky. [4]
Imunita
- V průběhu onemocnění je výrazná proliferace T-buněk v periferní krvi, mozkomíšním moku i v kloubní tekutině.
- IgM protilátky proti bičíkovému antigenu lze detekovat za 1–3 týdny, pak následují IgG protilátky.
- Protilátky lze prokázat i v likvoru.[4]
Terapie
- V 1.stadiu perorálně penicilin - např. amoxicilin (v kombinaci s kyselinou klavulanovou, která nemá antibiotické účinky), či doxycyklin.
Dělení
Druhová skupina Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato zahrnuje:
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (zejm. v Severní Americe, kam byla zřejmě přenesena z Evropy);
- Borrelia garinii (zejm. v Evropě a v Asii);
- Borrelia afzelii (zejm. v Evropě a v Asii);
- Borrelia valaisiana (vzácný patogen);
- Borrelia lusitaniae (vzácný patogen).[3]
Odkazy
Související články
Externí odkazy
Reference
- ↑ Baranton, G., Postic, D., Saint Girons, I., Boerlin, P., Piffaretti, J.C., Assous, M., and Grimont, P.A. "Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and group VS461 associated with Lyme borreliosis." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1992) 42:378-383.
- ↑ Adeolu, M., and Gupta, R.S. "A phylogenomic and molecular marker based proposal for the division of the genus Borrelia into two genera: the emended genus Borrelia containing only the members of the relapsing fever Borrelia, and the genus Borreliella gen. nov. containing the members of the Lyme disease Borrelia (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex)." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2014) 105:1049-1072.
- ↑ Jump up to: a b c d
- ↑ Jump up to: a b c d e
Kategorie:Mikrobiologie Kategorie:Infekční lékařství Kategorie:Epidemiologie Kategorie:Bakterie