Use of ketones: Difference between revisions
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= Use of ketones = | |||
'''Ketones''' are products of the breakdown of fatty acids under certain metabolic conditions (e.g. starvation). Ketones include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and [[acetone]] . They are created only in the liver and are used by extrahepatic tissues as a temporary source of energy. | |||
Schéma jednotlivých ketolátek – aceton, acetacetát a beta-hydroxybutarát | Schéma jednotlivých ketolátek – aceton, acetacetát a beta-hydroxybutarát | ||
== Chemical processes == | |||
Ketones are '''polar''' and are therefore freely transported '''in the plasma''' . Their utilization occurs only '''extrahepatically''' , because hepatocytes do not contain the enzyme required for their activation. First, '''β-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized to acetoacetate''' , which is subsequently activated by the transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl~CoA . Acetocetyl~CoA is '''converted to AcCoA''' (part of β-oxidation, catalyzed by thiolase), which enters the '''Krebs cycle'''. | |||
== Use of ketones by individual organs == | |||
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and renal cortex '''prefer ketone''' oxidation over glucose oxidation. During starvation, the brain adapts '''to the burning of ketones''' - during long-term starvation, up to '''50''' % of its energy requirements are covered by the oxidation of ketones. | |||
[[File:Scheme of individual ketones - acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate.png|thumb|Scheme of individual ketones - acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate]] | |||
<noinclude> | |||
== Links == | |||
=== Related Articles === | |||
[[Ketones]] | |||
[[Ketones in the urine]] | |||
[[Ketones in the urine|Ketones in the urine/determination]] | |||
=== External links === | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone Ketones (english wikipedia)] | |||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
átek a energie v buňce | |||
Chemie živin | Chemie živin | ||
Přehled energetického metabolismu | Přehled energetického metabolismu |
Revision as of 00:09, 17 November 2022
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Use of ketones
Ketones are products of the breakdown of fatty acids under certain metabolic conditions (e.g. starvation). Ketones include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone . They are created only in the liver and are used by extrahepatic tissues as a temporary source of energy.
Schéma jednotlivých ketolátek – aceton, acetacetát a beta-hydroxybutarát
Chemical processes
Ketones are polar and are therefore freely transported in the plasma . Their utilization occurs only extrahepatically , because hepatocytes do not contain the enzyme required for their activation. First, β-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized to acetoacetate , which is subsequently activated by the transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl~CoA . Acetocetyl~CoA is converted to AcCoA (part of β-oxidation, catalyzed by thiolase), which enters the Krebs cycle.
Use of ketones by individual organs
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and renal cortex prefer ketone oxidation over glucose oxidation. During starvation, the brain adapts to the burning of ketones - during long-term starvation, up to 50 % of its energy requirements are covered by the oxidation of ketones.
Links
Related Articles
Ketones in the urine/determination
External links
átek a energie v buňce Chemie živin Přehled energetického metabolismu Kompartmentace metabolických drah Co pohání naše buňky Chemické reakce v metabolismu Enzymy Dýchací řetězec a tvorba ATP Krebsův cyklus Odbourávání a syntéza glukózy Pentózový cyklus, metabolismus fruktózy, galaktózy a kyseliny glukuronové Odbourávání lipidů a metabolismus ketolátek Metabolismus aminokyselin Ukládání energie v lidském těle – metabolismus glykogenu a tvorba mastných kyselin a triacylglycerolů Regulace metabolických drah na úrovni buňky Fontana J., Trnka J., Maďa P., Ivák P. a kol.: Přeměna látek a energie v buňce. In: Funkce buněk a lidského těla : Multimediální skripta.