Axilla: Difference between revisions
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The posterior wall - [[subscapularis]] above, the [[Teres Major|teres major]] and [[latissimus dorsi]] below. | The posterior wall - [[subscapularis]] above, the [[Teres Major|teres major]] and [[latissimus dorsi]] below. | ||
Medial | Medial wall - first four ribs with their corresponding [[intercostales]], and part of the [[serratus anterior]]. | ||
Lateral | Lateral wall - [[humerus]], the [[coracobrachialis]], and the [[biceps brachii]]. | ||
Apex (axillary inlet)- it is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle. | Apex (axillary inlet)- it is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle. | ||
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* Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb. | * Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb. | ||
* Axillary vein (and tributaries) ''–'' the main vein draining the upper limb. | * Axillary vein (and tributaries) ''–'' the main vein draining the upper limb with cephalic and basilic veins as its tributaries. | ||
* Brachial plexus (and branches) | * Brachial plexus (and branches) | ||
* Axillary lymph nodes – drains lymphatic fluid that has drained from the upper limb and pectoral region. | * Axillary lymph nodes – drains lymphatic fluid that has drained from the upper limb and pectoral region. | ||
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* Biceps brachii (short head) and coracobrachialis | * Biceps brachii (short head) and coracobrachialis | ||
===== ''<u>Clinical significance</u>'' includes thoracic outlet syndrome, lymph node dissection for breast cancer staging diagnosis and treatment and chest drain insertion. ===== | |||
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Revision as of 22:39, 7 May 2024
| English: Axilla Latin: Fossa axillaris |
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Axilla
The axilla is the area that lies underneath the glenohumeral joint. It serves as a passageway for neurovascular and muscular structures to enter and leave the upper limb.
Boundaries of axilla
The anterior wall - pectorales major and minor.
The posterior wall - subscapularis above, the teres major and latissimus dorsi below.
Medial wall - first four ribs with their corresponding intercostales, and part of the serratus anterior.
Lateral wall - humerus, the coracobrachialis, and the biceps brachii.
Apex (axillary inlet)- it is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
The apex decreases in size when the arm is fully abducted – leaving the contents of the axilla at risk of compression.
Contents
- Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb.
- Axillary vein (and tributaries) – the main vein draining the upper limb with cephalic and basilic veins as its tributaries.
- Brachial plexus (and branches)
- Axillary lymph nodes – drains lymphatic fluid that has drained from the upper limb and pectoral region.
- Biceps brachii (short head) and coracobrachialis
Clinical significance includes thoracic outlet syndrome, lymph node dissection for breast cancer staging diagnosis and treatment and chest drain insertion.
Links
External links
- lesson3axilla at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
- teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/areas/axilla/
Bibliography
- PETROVICKY, Pavel, et al. Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi : Sv. 1, Pohybové ústrojí. 1. edition. Martin : Osveta, 2001. 463 pp. ISBN 80-8063-046-1.
