Axilla: Difference between revisions
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'''<big>Axilla</big>''' | |||
The axilla is the area that lies underneath the glenohumeral joint. It serves as a passageway for neurovascular and muscular structures to enter and leave the upper limb. | |||
== Boundaries of axilla == | == Boundaries of axilla == | ||
[[ | [[File:Gray411.gif|thumb|Axilla]] | ||
Apex (axillary inlet)- it is formed by lateral surface of the first rib, superior margin of scapula, and the posterior surface of the clavicle. | |||
The posterior wall | |||
The anterior wall - pectorales [[Pectoralis Major|major]] and [[Pectoralis Minor|minor]]. | |||
The posterior wall - [[subscapularis]] above, the [[Teres Major|teres major]] and [[latissimus dorsi]] below. | |||
Medial wall - ribs 1-4 along with their corresponding [[intercostales]] (intercostal muscles), and part of the [[serratus anterior]] muscle. | |||
Lateral wall - [[humerus]], the [[coracobrachialis]], and the [[biceps brachii]]. | |||
The apex decreases in size when the arm is fully abducted – leaving the contents of the axilla at risk of compression. | |||
== Contents == | == Contents == | ||
[[ | [[File:Gray523.gif|thumb|Content of axilla]] | ||
* the | |||
* the | * Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb. | ||
* | |||
* Axillary vein (and tributaries) ''–'' the main vein draining the upper limb with cephalic and basilic veins as its tributaries. | |||
* Brachial plexus (and branches) | |||
* Intercostobrachial nerve. | |||
* Axillary lymph nodes (APICAL) – drains lymphatic fluid that has drained from the upper limb and pectoral region. | |||
* Biceps brachii (short head) and coracobrachialis | |||
* Adipose Tissue. | |||
===== ''<u>Clinical significance</u>'' includes thoracic outlet syndrome, lymph node dissection for breast cancer staging diagnosis and treatment and chest drain insertion. ===== | |||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
=== External links === | === External links === | ||
* [http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/lesson3axilla.htm lesson3axilla] at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) | * [http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/lesson3axilla.htm lesson3axilla] at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) | ||
* teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/areas/axilla/ | |||
=== Bibliography === | === Bibliography === | ||
* {{Cite | * {{Cite | ||
Latest revision as of 00:04, 24 December 2024
| English: Axilla Latin: Fossa axillaris |
 |
Axilla
The axilla is the area that lies underneath the glenohumeral joint. It serves as a passageway for neurovascular and muscular structures to enter and leave the upper limb.
Boundaries of axilla
Apex (axillary inlet)- it is formed by lateral surface of the first rib, superior margin of scapula, and the posterior surface of the clavicle.
The anterior wall - pectorales major and minor.
The posterior wall - subscapularis above, the teres major and latissimus dorsi below.
Medial wall - ribs 1-4 along with their corresponding intercostales (intercostal muscles), and part of the serratus anterior muscle.
Lateral wall - humerus, the coracobrachialis, and the biceps brachii.
The apex decreases in size when the arm is fully abducted – leaving the contents of the axilla at risk of compression.
Contents
- Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb.
- Axillary vein (and tributaries) – the main vein draining the upper limb with cephalic and basilic veins as its tributaries.
- Brachial plexus (and branches)
- Intercostobrachial nerve.
- Axillary lymph nodes (APICAL) – drains lymphatic fluid that has drained from the upper limb and pectoral region.
- Biceps brachii (short head) and coracobrachialis
- Adipose Tissue.
Clinical significance includes thoracic outlet syndrome, lymph node dissection for breast cancer staging diagnosis and treatment and chest drain insertion.
Links
External links
- lesson3axilla at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
- teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/areas/axilla/
Bibliography
- PETROVICKY, Pavel, et al. Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi : Sv. 1, Pohybové ústrojí. 1. edition. Martin : Osveta, 2001. 463 pp. ISBN 80-8063-046-1.
