General characteristics of parasites: Difference between revisions
Feedback

From WikiLectures

No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 3: Line 3:
'''Medical parasitology''' is becoming increasingly important. Although the incidence of the disease is declining in developed countries, with the worldwide spread of AIDS, the symptoms worsen and the pathogenicity of the parasite increases. The entry of the parasite into the human body is most often the digestive tract and damaged skin and mucous membranes. The prevalence of parasitosis is highly dependent on the level of hygiene, the availability of uncontaminated water, the method of preparation and consumption of meat and other factors. Some parasites are widespread worldwide - roundworms, others occur in a limited area - tropical parasitosis.
'''Medical parasitology''' is becoming increasingly important. Although the incidence of the disease is declining in developed countries, with the worldwide spread of AIDS, the symptoms worsen and the pathogenicity of the parasite increases. The entry of the parasite into the human body is most often the digestive tract and damaged skin and mucous membranes. The prevalence of parasitosis is highly dependent on the level of hygiene, the availability of uncontaminated water, the method of preparation and consumption of meat and other factors. Some parasites are widespread worldwide - roundworms, others occur in a limited area - tropical parasitosis.


== Základní pojmy ==
== Basic concepts ==


[[File:Toxoplasma gondii Life cycle PHIL 3421 lores.png|thumb|Example of parasite life cycle - Toxoplasma gondii]]
[[File:Toxoplasma gondii Life cycle PHIL 3421 lores.png|thumb|Example of parasite life cycle - Toxoplasma gondii]]


'''Lékařská parazitologie''': je součástí parazitologie, která se zaměřuje na infekce člověka vyvolané parazity, vztah mezi člověkem parazitem, postupy léčby a další.
'''Medical parasitology:''' is part of parasitology, which focuses on human infections caused by parasites, the relationship between human and parasite, treatment procedures and more.


'''Parazitizmus''': jedná se o vztah dvou organizmů. Jeden z nich – '''parazit''' žije na úkor druhého – '''hostitele''' a v určité míře mu škodí a využívá ho. V průběhu objevování nových druhů dochází často ke sporům, zda se v konkrétním případě jedná o [[parazitizmus]], '''komenzalizmus''' nebo '''predaci''' (o predaci všeobecně mluvíme, pokud je proces rychlý a omezí se na přímé zabití a strávení hostitele, u parazitizmu se jedná o dlouhodobější vztah).
'''Parasitism:''' is a relationship between two organisms. One of them - '''the parasite''' lives at the expense of the other - '''host''' and to some extent harms and uses it. During the discovery of new species, there are often disputes over whether the case is '''parasitism''', '''commensalism''' or '''predation''' (predation is generally said if the process is fast and limited to direct killing and digestion of the host, parasitism is a longer-term relationship) .


'''Parazit''': Organizmus, který ke svému životu využívá organizmu jiného.
'''Parasite:''' An organism that uses another organism for its life.


* ektoparazit – osídluje povrch hostitele (členovci)
* ektoparazit – osídluje povrch hostitele (členovci)

Revision as of 18:57, 4 January 2022


Medical parasitology is becoming increasingly important. Although the incidence of the disease is declining in developed countries, with the worldwide spread of AIDS, the symptoms worsen and the pathogenicity of the parasite increases. The entry of the parasite into the human body is most often the digestive tract and damaged skin and mucous membranes. The prevalence of parasitosis is highly dependent on the level of hygiene, the availability of uncontaminated water, the method of preparation and consumption of meat and other factors. Some parasites are widespread worldwide - roundworms, others occur in a limited area - tropical parasitosis.

Basic concepts

Example of parasite life cycle - Toxoplasma gondii

Medical parasitology: is part of parasitology, which focuses on human infections caused by parasites, the relationship between human and parasite, treatment procedures and more.

Parasitism: is a relationship between two organisms. One of them - the parasite lives at the expense of the other - host and to some extent harms and uses it. During the discovery of new species, there are often disputes over whether the case is parasitism, commensalism or predation (predation is generally said if the process is fast and limited to direct killing and digestion of the host, parasitism is a longer-term relationship) .

Parasite: An organism that uses another organism for its life.

  • ektoparazit – osídluje povrch hostitele (členovci)
  • endoparazit – žije uvnitř hostitele (prvoci a helminti)

Mezihostitel: je organizmus, ve kterém se nacházejí infekční stádia parazitů, proběhl v něm jejich částečný vývoj, ale parazit u mezihostitele nedosáhl úplné pohlavní zralosti.

Paratenický (transportní) hostitel: organizmus, který parazita přenáší, ale nedochází v něm k jeho vývoji.

Definitivní hostitel: organizmus, kde probíhá sexuální vývoj parazitů (neprobíhá u všech parazitů) a po dosažení pohlavní zralosti je schopen se sexuálně množit. Nemusí se však jednat o konečného hostitele a parazit se z něj může (např. z infikovaného hmyzu) dále šířit. V definitivním hostiteli parazit tedy dosahuje pohlavní dospělosti a také pohlavní reprodukce.


Odkazy

Související články

Použitá literatura

Kategorie:Mikrobiologie Kategorie:Paraziti Kategorie:Infekční lékařství