Nocardia: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:51, 1 February 2022

Template:Infobox - bakterie Nocardia is a genus that resembles mycobacteria. It is a grampositive to gramlabile and sometimes partially acidorezistant microorganism. It has a specific wall structure. Morphologically they also resemble actinomycetes. The most important representatives are Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia caviae a Nocardia brasiliensis. They occur naturally in water and soil, from where they often enter the human body by inhalation. Inter-human transmission has not been demonstrated. In terms of immunity, cell-mediated immunity plays the greatest role.

Cultivation

Cultivation is carried out on Sabourad agar. Nocardia grow in white to orange rigid colonies. Sputum and pus are collected for microscopic examination. Biochemical tests are used to determine the exact species.

Diseases

Nocardiosis is a disease that resembles tuberculosis, this pulmonary form is most often caused by Nocardia asteroides. A serious complication is metastatic brain abscess.. When the cutaneous form develops, which is caused by bacterial penetration through the injured skin, an actinomycetous mycetoma is formes – an infectious lesion that may resemble a tumor and in later stages communicates with the surrounding area through fistulas. Previously, nocardiosis was of minor importance, but because of the spread of AIDS , these bacteria are the cause of frequent complications.

Therapy

Co-trimoxazol and tetracycline are indicated as suitable antibiotics for the treatment of nocardiosis; the resulting mycetomas are often treated surgically.

Odkazy

References

Reference

Kategorie:Mikrobiologie Kategorie:Bakterie Kategorie:Infekční lékařství

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-'''Nocardia''' is a genus that resembles mycobacteria. It is a '''[[Gramovo barvení|grampositive]] to gramlabile''' and sometimes '''partially acidorezistant''' microorganism. It has a specific wall structure. Morphologically they also resemble [[Aktinomycety|aktinomycetes]]. The most important representatives are ''Nocardia asteroides'', ''Nocardia caviae'' a ''Nocardia brasiliensis''. They occur naturally '''in water and soil''', from where they often enter the human body by '''inhalation'''. Inter-human transmission has not been demonstrated. In terms of immunity, cell-mediated immunity plays the greatest role.
+'''Nocardia''' is a genus that resembles mycobacteria. It is a '''[[Gramovo barvení|grampositive]] to gramlabile''' and sometimes '''partially acidorezistant''' microorganism. It has a specific wall structure. Morphologically they also resemble [[Aktinomycety|actinomycetes]]. The most important representatives are ''Nocardia asteroides'', ''Nocardia caviae'' a ''Nocardia brasiliensis''. They occur naturally '''in water and soil''', from where they often enter the human body by '''inhalation'''. Inter-human transmission has not been demonstrated. In terms of immunity, cell-mediated immunity plays the greatest role.
-== Kultivace ==
+== Cultivation ==
-Kultivace se provádí na [[Živná půda|Sabouradově agaru]]. Nokardie rostou v bílých až oranžových tuhých vzrostlých koloniích. K mikroskopickému vyšetření se odebírá sputum a hnis. Pro přesné určení druhu se využívají biochemické testy.
+Cultivation is carried out on [[Živná půda|Sabourad agar]]. Nocardia grow in white to orange rigid colonies. Sputum and pus are collected for microscopic examination. Biochemical tests are used to determine the exact species.
-== Onemocnění ==
+== Diseases ==
-'''Nokardióza''' je onemocnění, které svým průběhem připomíná [[Tuberkulóza (pneumologie)|tuberkulózu]], tuto plicní formu nejčastěji způsobuje '''''Nocardia asteroides'''''. Závažnou komplikací je '''metastatický mozkový absces'''.{{Cave| Úmrtnost tohoto onemocnění se udává až 40 %<ref>{{Citace
+'''Nocardiosis''' is a disease that resembles [[Tuberkulóza (pneumologie)|tuberculosis]], this pulmonary form is most often caused by '''''Nocardia asteroides'''''. A serious complication is '''metastatic brain abscess'''.{{Cave| The mortality rate of this disease is reported to be up to 40%<ref>{{Citace
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 | isbn = 8594031505280
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-</ref> }}. Při rozvoji kožní formy, která vzniká proniknutím bakterií skrze poraněnou kůži, se vytváří '''aktinomykotický mycetom''' – infekční ložisko, které může připomínat nádor a v pozdějším stádiu komunikuje s okolím píštělemi. Dříve měly nokardiózy menší význam, ale kvůli rozšíření [[AIDS]] dochází právě kvůli těmto bakteriím k častým komplikacím.
+</ref> }}. When the cutaneous form develops, which is caused by bacterial penetration through the injured skin, '''an actinomycetous mycetoma''' is formes – an infectious lesion that may resemble a tumor and in later stages communicates with the surrounding area through fistulas. Previously, nocardiosis was of minor importance, but because of the spread of [[AIDS]] , these bacteria are the cause of frequent complications.
-== Terapie ==
+== Therapy ==
-Jako vhodná antibiotika k léčbě nokardióz se uvádí [[co-trimoxazol]] a [[Tetracykliny|tetracyklin]], vznikající mycetomy se léčí často chirurgicky.
+[[Co-trimoxazol]] and [[Tetracykliny|tetracycline]] are indicated as suitable antibiotics for the treatment of nocardiosis; the resulting mycetomas are often treated surgically.
 <noinclude>
 == Odkazy ==
-=== Použitá literatura ===
+=== References ===
 * {{Citace
 | typ = kniha