Congenital malformations of the auricle

Classification of deformities according to Roger

• microcia (hypoplasia of pinna)
• overhanging bolt (lop ear)
• cone-shaped ear (cup ear)
• retired bolter (otapostasis)

Classification according to Tanzer

• Anocia (complete absence of pinna)
• complete hypoplasia (microcia) with / without atresia of the external auditory canal
• hypoplasia of the middle 1/3 of the ear
• hypoplasia of the upper 1/3 of the ear: "constricted ear" (overhanging pinna + cone-shaped ear), cryptocia, hypoplasia of the entire upper 1/3
• removed bolts

Other deformities

• appendices praeauriculares (rudimentary growths around the pinna)
• Fistulas incomplete (lead a short distance) / complete (lead to the mouth or pharynx)

Associated diseases

• hearing disorders based on anomalies of the middle ear, developmental disorders of the inner ear, hereditary disorders of cochlear development
• hemifacial microstomia
• urinary tract anomalies

Treatment

• operation changing the shape of the cartilaginous part of the auricle → change of soft tissues.
• most often surgery for detached auricles
• in case of non-development of the auricle, we reconstruct the cartilaginous part with cartilage from the rib + soft tissue by tissue expansion and local displacements

• 

  Otapostasis

• 

  Antihelix after reconstruction

• 

  Microtia

Links

Related Articles

• Congenital defects of the external and middle ear
• Acquired Bolt Defects

References

• MĚŠŤÁK, Jan, et al. Úvod do plastické chirurgie. 1. edition. Praha : Univerzita Karlova v Praze - Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2005. 125 pp. ISBN 80-246-1150-3.