Post-tranfusion reaction: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 10:49, 15 April 2023

Post-transfusion side effects may occur during the administration of a blood transfusion . For this reason, before the actual blood transfusion takes place, a series of tests must be carried out, which would reverse any confusion, mistake or accident.

Distribution of transfusion according to severity

Mild post-transfusion reaction

It disappears after stopping the transfusion or simple treatment.

Moderate post-transfusion reaction

It will not disappear only after simple treatment, but at the same time it is not desirable to monitor vital functions.

Serious post-transfusion reaction

This reaction leads to malfunctions or, worse, to the failure of organ functions. It is necessary to monitor vital signs.

Types of post-transfusion reactions

Acute haemolytic reaction

Intravascular breakdown of erythrocytes occurs. It arises within 24 hours after the start of the transfusion.

Causes

Immunological incompatibility between the blood of the donor and the recipient - most often when there is a mismatch of the AB0 system.

Symptoms

Fever,
shivering,
pain in the area of the venous access, lumbar area, abdomen or chest,
hypotension,
tachycardia,
nausea or vomiting,
shortness of breath and then going into shock.

Febrile nonhaemolytic reaction

It manifests itself within 30 minutes to 2 hours after the start of the transfusion.

Causes

Transfused residual leukocytes - i.e. in people who have anti-leukocyte antibodies,
Transfused cytokines.

Symptoms

Fever,
shivering,
chills.

However, haemolysis, erythema or tachycardia do not occur.

Allergic reaction

It can happen immediately or later.

Causes

Plasma proteins against which the patient has antibodies,
an allergic reaction can also occur in patients who have anti-IgA antibodies.

Symptoms

Urticaria,
laryngospasm,
state of shock.

Post-transfusion reactions from circulatory overload

This complication occurs most often in patients with primary cardinal failure, as an example we can cite CHD - he manifestation is then acute cardial failure.

Smptoms

A feeling of heaviness in the chest,
cyanosis,
dry couch.
stuffiness,
increased filling of the jugular veins and symptoms of pulmonary edema will be found during the examination.

First Aid

Whether a post-transfusion reaction is suspected or discovered, the first aid is IMMEDIATE STOPPING THE TRANSFUSION. We immediately inform the doctor and he proceeds according to his office, most often from the beginning in the monitoring of vital functions, then according to the severity of the post-transfusion reaction.

Links

References

Kategorie:Porodní asistence Kategorie:Porodnictví

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Během podávání krevní transfuze mohou nastat '''nežádoucí účinky po transfuzi'''. Z tohoto důvodu než k samotné [[krevní transfuze|krevní transfuzi]] dojde, musí se provést řada testů, které by případnou záměnu, chybu či nehodu zvrátily. <br>
+Post-transfusion side effects may occur during the administration of a blood transfusion . For this reason, before the actual [[blood transfusion]] takes place, a series of tests must be carried out, which would reverse any confusion, mistake or accident. <br>
-== Rozdělení transfuze dle závažnosti ==
+== Distribution of transfusion according to severity ==
-=== Lehká potransfuzní reakce ===
+=== Mild post-transfusion reaction ===
-Odezní po zastavení transfuze či jednoduché léčbě.
+It disappears after stopping the transfusion or simple treatment.
-=== Středně závažná potransfuzní reakce===
+=== Moderate post-transfusion reaction===
-Neodezní pouze po jednoduché léčbě, ale zároveň není žádoucí monitorovat životní funkce.
+It will not disappear only after simple treatment, but at the same time it is not desirable to monitor vital functions.
-=== Závažná potransfuzní reakce ===
+=== Serious post-transfusion reaction ===
-U této reakce dochází k poruchám či hůře až k selhávání orgánových funkcí. Je nutné monitorovat životní funkce.<br>
+This reaction leads to malfunctions or, worse, to the failure of organ functions. It is necessary to monitor vital signs.<br>
 <br>
-== Typy potransfuzních reakcí ==
+== Types of post-transfusion reactions ==
-=== Akutní hemolytická reakce ===
+=== Acute haemolytic reaction ===
-Dochází '''k intravaskulárnímu rozpadu erytrocytů'''. Nastává do 24 hodin po začátku podávání transfuze.
+'''Intravascular breakdown of erythrocytes''' occurs. It arises within 24 hours after the start of the transfusion.
-==== Příčiny ====
+==== Causes ====
-* '''Imunologická inkompatibilita''' mezi krví dárce a příjemce - nejčastěji při neshodě  [[AB0 systém|ABO systému]].
+* Immunological incompatibility between the blood of the donor and the recipient - most often when there is a mismatch of the [[AB0 system (English)|AB0 system]].
-==== Příznaky ====
+==== Symptoms ====
-* Horečka,
+* Fever,
-* třesavka,
+* shivering,
-* bolest v oblasti žilního vstupu, bederní oblasti, břicha či hrudníku,
+* pain in the area of the venous access, lumbar area, abdomen or chest,
-* hypotenze,
+* hypotension,
-* tachykardie,
+* tachycardia,
-* nauzea až zvracení,
+* nausea or vomiting,
-* dušnost a následné upadnutí do šoku.<br>
+* shortness of breath and then going into shock.<br>
-=== Febrilní nehemolytická reakce ===
+=== Febrile nonhaemolytic reaction ===
-Projeví se v rozmezí 30 minut až 2 hodin po začátku podání transfuze.
+It manifests itself within 30 minutes to 2 hours after the start of the transfusion.
-==== Příčiny ====
+==== Causes ====
-* '''Transfundované reziduální leukocyty''' - tj. u lidí, které mají protilátky proti leukocytům,
+* '''Transfused residual leukocytes''' - i.e. in people who have anti-leukocyte antibodies,
-* '''Transfundované cytokiny'''.
+* '''Transfused cytokines'''.
-==== Příznaky ====
+==== Symptoms ====
-* Horečka,
+* Fever,
-* třesavka,
+* shivering,
-* zimnice.<br>
+* chills.<br>
-Nedochází však k hemolýze, erytému či tachykardii.<br>
+However, haemolysis, erythema or tachycardia do not occur.<br>
-=== Alergická reakce ===
+=== Allergic reaction ===
-Může nastat okamžitě, ale i později.
+It can happen immediately or later.
-==== Příčiny ====
+==== Causes ====
-* '''Plazmatické proteiny''', proti kterým má daný pacient protilátky,
+* '''Plasma proteins''' against which the patient has antibodies,
-* alergická reakce může nastat i u pacientů, kteří mají protilátky anti-IgA.
+* an allergic reaction can also occur in patients who have anti-IgA antibodies.
-==== Příznaky ====
+==== Symptoms ====
-* Urtika,
+* Urticaria,
-* [[laryngospazmus]],
+* [[laryngospasm]],
-* šokový stav.<br>
+* state of shock.<br>
-=== Potransfuzní reakce z přetížení oběhu ===
+=== Post-transfusion reactions from circulatory overload ===
-Tato komplikace nastává nejčastěji u pacientů s primárním kardinálním selháním, jako příklad můžeme uvést [[ICHS]] - manifestace je poté '''akutní kardinální selhání'''.
+This complication occurs most often in patients with primary cardinal failure, as an example we can cite [[Ischemic heart disease|CHD]] - he manifestation is then '''acute cardial failure'''.
-==== Příznaky ====
+==== Smptoms ====
-* Pocit tíhy na hrudi,
+* A feeling of heaviness in the chest,
-* cyanóza,
+* cyanosis,
-* suchý kašel,
+* dry couch.
-* dušnost,
+* stuffiness,
-* zvýšená náplň krčních žil a příznaky edému plic poté nalezneme při vyšetření.<br>
+* increased filling of the jugular veins and symptoms of pulmonary edema will be found during the examination.<br>
 <br>
-== První pomoc ==
+== First Aid ==
-Ať už při podezření nebo zjištění nastupující potransfuzní reakci je první pomocí '''OKAMŽITÉ ZASTAVENÍ TRANSFUZE'''. Ihned uvědomíme lékaře a dle jeho ordinace postupuje, nejčastěji z počátku v monitoraci životních funkcí, poté dle závažnosti potransfuzní reakce.<br>
+Whether a post-transfusion reaction is suspected or discovered, the first aid is '''IMMEDIATE STOPPING THE TRANSFUSION'''. We immediately inform the doctor and he proceeds according to his office, most often from the beginning in the monitoring of vital functions, then according to the severity of the post-transfusion reaction.<br>
 <br>
-== Odkazy ==
+== Links ==
-=== Související články ===
+=== Related Articles ===
-*[[Krevní transfuze]]<br>
+*[[Blood transfusion]]<br>
-*[[Šestinedělí]]<br>
+*[[Puerperium]]<br>
-*[[Krevní skupiny]]<br>
+*[[Blood Groups|Blood groups]]<br>
 <br>
-=== Použitá literatura ===
+=== References ===
 * {{Citace
 | typ = kniha