Oral Implantology: Difference between revisions
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==Types of jaw implants== | ==Types of jaw implants== | ||
===Endosseous=== | ====Endosseous==== | ||
within bone; most popular. | within bone; most popular. | ||
===Subperiosteal=== | ====Subperiosteal==== | ||
Rarely used now; custom made metal frame inserted as onlay directly onto surface of cortical bone and attached with screws (when bone atrophic). | Rarely used now; custom made metal frame inserted as onlay directly onto surface of cortical bone and attached with screws (when bone atrophic). | ||
===Transosseous=== | ====Transosseous==== | ||
Placing implant bionically through bone; small mandibular staple implant and bosker submandibular implant. | Placing implant bionically through bone; small mandibular staple implant and bosker submandibular implant. | ||
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Titanium : light weight, biocompatible, corrosion resistant, strong, low-priced. | Titanium : light weight, biocompatible, corrosion resistant, strong, low-priced. | ||
[[File:Implantát.jpg|thumb|Implantát]] | |||
====Fixture types==== | ====Fixture types==== | ||
*hydroxyapatite coated | *hydroxyapatite coated | ||
*titanium surface modified | *titanium surface modified | ||
*tap or self tapping | *tap or self tapping | ||
*screw | *screw | ||
*press fit | *press fit | ||
Implant diameter : 4-6mm | Implant diameter : 4-6mm | ||
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==Indications== | ==Indications== | ||
* | *Severe denture intolerance | ||
* | *Prevention of severe alveolar bone loss. | ||
* | *Developmental anomalies (cleft,oligodontia). | ||
* | *Trauma resulting in loss of teeth and supporting tissues. | ||
*Maxilofacial and cranial defects (ridge deformities). | |||
*Adequate bone quality and quantity. | *Adequate bone quality and quantity. | ||
* | *Patient's health | ||
*Aesthetics. | |||
*appropriate occlusion and articulation. | *appropriate occlusion and articulation. | ||
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==Placement Procedure== | ==Placement Procedure== | ||
====Implantation==== | |||
#Mucoperiosteal flap raised and alveolar ridge smoothed/reduced. | #Mucoperiosteal flap raised and alveolar ridge smoothed/reduced. | ||
#Surgical guide/stent used to indicate the correct position before proceeding to various drills. | #Surgical guide/stent used to indicate the correct position before proceeding to various drills. | ||
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#Implant pressed/screwed in position. Position is crucial and high degree of parallelism needed. | #Implant pressed/screwed in position. Position is crucial and high degree of parallelism needed. | ||
#Soft tissue flaps closed with sutures. | #Soft tissue flaps closed with sutures. | ||
====Exposure==== | ====Exposure==== | ||
If submerged- 4-6 months after placement. Overlying soft tissue is punched out or a crestal flap is raised and repositioned. Implant cover screw is removed and ''gingival former'' or healing abutment attached so it projects through gingival tissue which can then heal and mature about the implant. | If submerged- 4-6 months after placement. Overlying soft tissue is punched out or a crestal flap is raised and repositioned. Implant cover screw is removed and ''gingival former'' or healing abutment attached so it projects through gingival tissue which can then heal and mature about the implant. | ||
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*wound infection | *wound infection | ||
*fracture | *fracture | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
Latest revision as of 16:12, 10 December 2011
Dental implants[edit | edit source]
Artificial tooth roots used to support a restoration, that resemble teeth.
Types of jaw implants[edit | edit source]
Endosseous[edit | edit source]
within bone; most popular.
Subperiosteal[edit | edit source]
Rarely used now; custom made metal frame inserted as onlay directly onto surface of cortical bone and attached with screws (when bone atrophic).
Transosseous[edit | edit source]
Placing implant bionically through bone; small mandibular staple implant and bosker submandibular implant.
Materials[edit | edit source]
- Pure titanium or hydroxyapatite coated titanium : common.
- Bioceramic gold implants : less common.
- Titanium - aluminium - vanadium alloy : stronger and used with smaller diameter implants.
Titanium : light weight, biocompatible, corrosion resistant, strong, low-priced.
Fixture types[edit | edit source]
- hydroxyapatite coated
- titanium surface modified
- tap or self tapping
- screw
- press fit
Implant diameter : 4-6mm length : 7-18mm.
Indications[edit | edit source]
- Severe denture intolerance
- Prevention of severe alveolar bone loss.
- Developmental anomalies (cleft,oligodontia).
- Trauma resulting in loss of teeth and supporting tissues.
- Maxilofacial and cranial defects (ridge deformities).
- Adequate bone quality and quantity.
- Patient's health
- Aesthetics.
- appropriate occlusion and articulation.
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
- patients younger than 16 (potential for further growth of bone).
- medical history (poorly controlled diabetes, increased risk of infection).
- Parafunctional habits, psychological factors, inadequate ridge , poor OH.
Placement Procedure[edit | edit source]
Implantation[edit | edit source]
- Mucoperiosteal flap raised and alveolar ridge smoothed/reduced.
- Surgical guide/stent used to indicate the correct position before proceeding to various drills.
- Holes prepared by incremental drilling, at slow speed to avoid overheating(impair osseointegration), irrigation with saline.
- Implant pressed/screwed in position. Position is crucial and high degree of parallelism needed.
- Soft tissue flaps closed with sutures.
Exposure[edit | edit source]
If submerged- 4-6 months after placement. Overlying soft tissue is punched out or a crestal flap is raised and repositioned. Implant cover screw is removed and gingival former or healing abutment attached so it projects through gingival tissue which can then heal and mature about the implant.
Post-Operative Care[edit | edit source]
- Analgesics
- Chlorhexidine mouth rinse
- no smoking
- Suture removal 7-14 days after
Complications[edit | edit source]
- Hemorrhage (accidental perforation of lingual cortical plate and rupture of sublingual artery),
- Trauma to inferior alveolar nerve
- wound infection
- fracture
