Metatarsal bones: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:27, 5 June 2023

skeleton foot

They are localized on the distal part of the back of the foot and the distal part of the foot. They are therefore connected to the tarsal bones (ossa tarsalia) and then pass into the bones of the phalanges of the fingers. There are 5 tarsal bones in total, they are referred to as the 1st to 5th tarsal bone (os metatarsal I–V) and together they form an area called the tarsus (lat. metatarsus).

Structure of tarsal bones

Each bone consists of three parts:
1. Basis (base) = wider proximal section of bone,
  - on the proximal edge there is a flat surface for articulation with the tarsal bone,
  - on the sides there are facets for articulation with the secondary tarsal bones (they are not constant in the metatarsal I axes).
2. Corpus (body) = middle elongated narrower section of bone,
  - the body of the os metatarsal I is massive,
  - bodies in ossa metatarsalia II–V are distal narrowed and slender.
3. Caput (head) = mounts distal to the body of the bone,
  - on the side edges it is sagged,
  - Distal has a convex articular surface. Between the individual bones of the instep are the spatia intermetatarsalia, these are the four spaces in which mm. interossei pedis are located.

Some bones have a characteristic structure:

Os metatarsal I – shorter thick bone, at the proximal end of the base has a kidney-shaped articular surface for the cuneiforme mediale os and on the plantar side of the base juts out in tuberositas ossis metatarsi I.
Os metatarsal II – the longest of the tarsal bones, is inserted between all three ossa cuneiformia (at the base it has 3 contact facets).
Os metatarsal V – the lateral side of the base juts out in tuberositas ossis metatarsi V (palpable).

Ossification of tarsal bones

Like the metacarpus, the metatarsus of the monoepiphyseal bone is metatarsus. Thus, ossification takes place from the diaphysis and from their single pineal gland. In the 1st metatarsus, the pineal gland is at the base (similar to the bones of the phalanges). In the 2nd–5th metatarsus, the pineal gland lies at the head of the bone. In the ends without pineal glands, their signs – pseudoepiphyses – may appear.

The process of ossification itself begins in the diaphyses around the 9th week of prenatal development (in the 1st and 5th metatarsus from the 10th week). Ossification nuclei appear in the epiphyses from the 3rd year postnatally. Diaphyses grow together with the pineal glands between 17 and 20 years of age.

Variation of tarsal bones

The most common is os Vesali (os Vesalianum) = separately ossifying tuberositas ossis metatarsi V. It arises as a result of phylogenetic development, because it is an element of the tarsus that connects to the 5th metatarsus only secondarily.

Os intermetatarsal (Gruberi) = temporary element of mesenchyma or cartilage. It occurs in embryonic development between the bases of the axes of metatarsal I and II (closely at ossa cuneiformia).

Articular connections

- Articulationes tarsometatarsales – between the tarsus and the bases of the metatarsus. It consists of three joints:
  1. medial cuneiforme bone – metatarsal bone bases I,
  2. the cuneiforme intermedium et laterale – the metatarsale II et III,
  3. the cuboideum s the metatarsale IV et V.
  - strengthened with the help of tarsometatarsal ligaments (plantaria, dorsalia, interossea).
- Articulationes intermetatarsales – connect the bases of individual metatarsus.
- Articulationes metatarsophalangeae – connect the heads of the metatarsus with the sockets on the proximal phalanges of the fingers,
  - Strengthened with the help of metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateralia, plantaria) and also with the help of the ligamentum metatarsal transversum profundum.

Links

Bibliography

- ČIHÁK, Radomír. Anatomie I. 2. vydání. Praha : Grada, 2001. 516 s. ISBN 978-80-7169-970-5.

Bones bones of the skull bones of the neurocranium os occipitale • os sphenoidale • os ethmoidale • os temporale • os frontale • os parietale • os lacrimale • os nasale • vomer bones of the splanchnocranium maxilla • os palatinum • os zygomaticum • mandible • os hyoideum • ossicula auditus • concha nasalis inferior axial skeleton spine • vertebrae • ribs • sternum • os sacrum bones of the upper limb plait scapula • clavicle arm and forearm humerus • ulna • radius hand carpus • metacarpus • finger bones bones of the lower limb plait os coxae ( hip bone • ischium • pubic bone ) thigh and lower leg femur • patella • tibia • fibula leg ossa tarsi • ossa metatarsi • bones of the fingers Portal: Anatomy

Kategorie:Anatomie

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-__OBSAH__
+[[File:Skeleton foot.JPG|thumb|skeleton foot]]
-Jsou lokalizovány na distální části hřbětu nohy a distální části chodidla. Navazují tedy na [[kosti zánártní]] (ossa tarsalia) a dále přecházejí v kosti článků prstů. Nártních kostí je celkem 5, označují se jako 1. až 5. kost nártní (os metatarsale I–V) a dohromady tvoří oblast zvanou nárt (lat. [[metatarsus]]).
+They are localized on the distal part of the back of the foot and the distal part of the foot. They are therefore connected to the tarsal bones (ossa tarsalia) and then pass into the bones of the phalanges of the fingers. There are 5 tarsal bones in total, they are referred to as the 1st to 5th tarsal bone (os metatarsal I–V) and together they form an area called the tarsus (lat. metatarsus).
-[[Soubor:Skeleton foot.JPG|thumb|Kosti nohy]]
-== Stavba nártních kostí ==
+== Structure of tarsal bones ==
-Každá kost se skládá ze tří částí:
-# '''Basis (baze)''' = širší proximální úsek kosti,
-#* na proximální hraně je rovná ploška pro skloubení s danou kostí zánártní,
-#* po stranách jsou plošky pro skloubení s vedlejšími kostmi nártními (u os metatarsale I nejsou konstantně).
-# '''Corpus (tělo)''' = střední protáhlý užší úsek kosti,
-#* tělo os metatarsale I je mohutné,
-#* těla u ossa metatarsalia II–V se distálně zužují a jsou štíhlá.
-# '''Caput (hlavice)''' = nasedá distálně na tělo kosti,
-#* na bočních hranách je vklesnutá,
-#* distálně má konvexní kloubní plochu.
-Mezi jednotlivými kostmi nártu jsou spatia intermetatarsalia, jsou to čtyři prostory, ve kterých se nacházejí mm.&nbsp;interossei pedis.
+# Each bone consists of three parts:
-[[Soubor:Metatarsus.jpg|thumb|Metatarzální kosti]]
+## '''Basis (base)''' = wider proximal section of bone,
+##* on the proximal edge there is a flat surface for articulation with the tarsal bone,
+##* on the sides there are facets for articulation with the secondary tarsal bones (they are not constant in the metatarsal I axes).
+## '''Corpus (body)''' = middle elongated narrower section of bone,
+##* the body of the os metatarsal I is massive,
+##* bodies in ossa metatarsalia II–V are distal narrowed and slender.
+## '''Caput (head)''' = mounts distal to the body of the bone,
+##* on the side edges it is sagged,
+##* Distal has a convex articular surface.  Between the individual bones of the instep are the spatia intermetatarsalia, these are the four spaces in which mm. interossei pedis are located.
+[[File:Metatarsus.jpg|thumb]]
-Některé kosti mají charakteristickou stavbu:
-* Os metatarsale I – kratší silná kost, na proximálním konci baze má ledvinovitou kloubní plochu pro os cuneiforme mediale a na plantární straně baze vybíhá v tuberositas ossis metatarsi I.
-* Os metatarsale II – nejdelsí z nártních kostí, je vložena mezi všechny tři ossa cuneiformia (na bazi má 3 styčné plošky).
-* Os metatarsale V – laterální strana baze vybíhá ve tuberositas ossis metatarsi V (je hmatná).
-== Osifikace nártních kostí ==
-Stejně jako metakarpy jsou i metatarzy monoepifýzové kosti. [[Osifikace]] tedy probíhá z diafýzy a z jejich jediné epifýzy. U 1. metatarzu je epifýza při bazi (podobně jako u kostí článků prstů). U 2.–5. metatarzu leží epifýza při hlavici kosti. V koncích bez epifýz se mohou objevit jejich náznaky – pseudoepifýzy.
-Samotný proces osifikace začíná v diafýzách kolem 9. týdne [[prenatální vývoj|prenatálního vývoje]] (v 1. a 5. metatarzu od 10. týdne). V epifýzách se objevují osifikační jádra od 3. roku postnatálně. Diafýzy srůstají s epifýzami mezi 17. až 20. rokem života.
+Some bones have a characteristic structure:
-== Variace nártních kostí ==
+* Os metatarsal I – shorter thick bone, at the proximal end of the base has a kidney-shaped articular surface for the cuneiforme mediale os and on the plantar side of the base juts out in tuberositas ossis metatarsi I.
-Nejčastější je '''os Vesali (os Vesalianum)''' = samostatně osifikující tuberositas ossis metatarsi V.&nbsp;Vzniká v důsledku fylogenetického vývoje, protože je to element tarzu, který se k 5. metatarzu připojuje až druhotně.
+* Os metatarsal II – the longest of the tarsal bones, is inserted between all three ossa cuneiformia (at the base it has 3 contact facets).
+* Os metatarsal V – the lateral side of the base juts out in tuberositas ossis metatarsi V (palpable).
-'''Os intermetatarsale (Gruberi)''' = dočasný element z mesenchymu či chrupavky. Objevuje se v embryonálním vývoji mezi bazemi os metatarsale I a II (těsně při ossa cuneiformia).
+*
-== Kloubní spojení ==
+== Ossification of tarsal bones ==
-* '''Articulationes tarsometatarsales''' – mezi tarzy a bazemi metatarzů. Skládá se ze tří kloubů:
+Like the metacarpus, the metatarsus of the monoepiphyseal bone is metatarsus. Thus, ossification takes place from the diaphysis and from their single pineal gland. In the 1st metatarsus, the pineal gland is at the base (similar to the bones of the phalanges). In the 2nd–5th metatarsus, the pineal gland lies at the head of the bone. In the ends without pineal glands, their signs – pseudoepiphyses – may appear.
-*# os cuneiforme mediale – baze os metatarsale I,
-*# os cuneiforme intermedium et laterale – os metatarsale II et III,
+The process of ossification itself begins in the diaphyses around the 9th week of prenatal development (in the 1st and 5th metatarsus from the 10th week). Ossification nuclei appear in the epiphyses from the 3rd year postnatally. Diaphyses grow together with the pineal glands between 17 and 20 years of age.
-*# os cuboideum s os metatarsale IV et V.&nbsp;
-** zpevněny pomocí tarsometatarsálních vazů (plantaria, dorsalia, interossea).
+== Variation of tarsal bones ==
-* '''Articulationes intermetatarsales''' – spojují baze jednotlivých metatarzů.
+The most common is '''os Vesali (os Vesalianum)''' = separately ossifying tuberositas ossis metatarsi V. It arises as a result of phylogenetic development, because it is an element of the tarsus that connects to the 5th metatarsus only secondarily.
-* '''Articulationes metatarsophalangeae''' – spojují hlavice metatarsů s jamkami na proximálních článcích prstů,
-** zpevněny pomocí metatarsofalangeálních vazů (collateralia, plantaria) a také pomocí ligamentum metatarsale transversum profundum.
+'''Os intermetatarsal (Gruberi)''' = temporary element of mesenchyma or cartilage. It occurs in embryonic development between the bases of the axes of metatarsal I and II (closely at ossa cuneiformia).
+== Articular connections ==
+** '''Articulationes tarsometatarsales''' – between the tarsus and the bases of the metatarsus. It consists of three joints:
+**# medial cuneiforme bone – metatarsal bone bases I,
+**# the cuneiforme intermedium et laterale – the metatarsale II et III,
+**# the cuboideum s the metatarsale IV et V.
+*** strengthened with the help of tarsometatarsal ligaments (plantaria, dorsalia, interossea).
+** '''Articulationes intermetatarsales''' – connect the bases of individual metatarsus.
+** '''Articulationes metatarsophalangeae''' – connect the heads of the metatarsus with the sockets on the proximal phalanges of the fingers,
+*** Strengthened with the help of metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateralia, plantaria) and also with the help of the ligamentum metatarsal transversum profundum.
+**
 <noinclude>
-== Odkazy ==
-=== Související články ===
+== Links ==
-* [[Klouby nohy]]
+=== Related Articles ===
-* [[Kost]]
+** Joints of the foot
-* [[Articulationes]]
+** Nourishment
-=== Použitá literatura ===
+** Articulationes
+=== Bibliography ===
 * {{Citace
 | typ = kniha
@@ Line 61: / Line 66: @@
 | rozsah = 516
 }}
+** ČIHÁK, Radomír. ''Anatomie I. ''2. vydání. Praha : Grada, 2001. 516 s. <nowiki>ISBN 978-80-7169-970-5</nowiki>.
 {{navbox - kosti}}
 </noinclude>
 [[Kategorie:Anatomie]]