Use of ketones
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Use of ketones
Ketones are products of the breakdown of fatty acids under certain metabolic conditions (e.g. starvation). Ketones include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone . They are created only in the liver and are used by extrahepatic tissues as a temporary source of energy.
Schéma jednotlivých ketolátek – aceton, acetacetát a beta-hydroxybutarát
Chemical processes
Ketones are polar and are therefore freely transported in the plasma . Their utilization occurs only extrahepatically , because hepatocytes do not contain the enzyme required for their activation. First, β-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized to acetoacetate , which is subsequently activated by the transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl~CoA . Acetocetyl~CoA is converted to AcCoA (part of β-oxidation, catalyzed by thiolase), which enters the Krebs cycle.
Use of ketones by individual organs
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and renal cortex prefer ketone oxidation over glucose oxidation. During starvation, the brain adapts to the burning of ketones - during long-term starvation, up to 50 % of its energy requirements are covered by the oxidation of ketones.
Links
Related Articles
Ketones in the urine/determination
External links
átek a energie v buňce Chemie živin Přehled energetického metabolismu Kompartmentace metabolických drah Co pohání naše buňky Chemické reakce v metabolismu Enzymy Dýchací řetězec a tvorba ATP Krebsův cyklus Odbourávání a syntéza glukózy Pentózový cyklus, metabolismus fruktózy, galaktózy a kyseliny glukuronové Odbourávání lipidů a metabolismus ketolátek Metabolismus aminokyselin Ukládání energie v lidském těle – metabolismus glykogenu a tvorba mastných kyselin a triacylglycerolů Regulace metabolických drah na úrovni buňky Fontana J., Trnka J., Maďa P., Ivák P. a kol.: Přeměna látek a energie v buňce. In: Funkce buněk a lidského těla : Multimediální skripta.
