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3 April 2025
| N 11:54 | MRNA structure, post-transcriptional modifications (cap, poly A, splicing). diffhist +4,403 Yasir AL-Bayati talk contribs (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''Messenger RNA (mRNA)''' is a type of RNA that serves as the intermediate template between DNA and protein synthesis. It carries genetic information transcribed from genes and is translated by ribosomes into a specific amino acid sequence. In eukaryotes, primary mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes several essential **post-transcriptional modifications** before becoming a mature, translatable molecule. == Structure of mRNA == A typical eukaryotic mature m...") | ||||
| N 11:52 | DNA repair - BER, NER, MMR, direct repair of modified bases. diffhist +5,102 Yasir AL-Bayati talk contribs (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''DNA repair''' is a vital set of processes by which cells identify and correct damage to the DNA molecules that encode their genomes. Every day, cells are exposed to endogenous and exogenous agents (e.g., reactive oxygen species, UV light, radiation) that damage DNA. Without repair, this damage can lead to mutations, genomic instability, cancer, or cell death. To maintain genomic integrity, cells employ various repair pathways, including **base excision rep...") | ||||
| N 11:25 | Proteolysis-dependent signaling pathways, examples. HIF signaling role in response to hypoxia. diffhist +6,165 Yasir AL-Bayati talk contribs (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''Proteolysis-dependent signaling pathways''' are unique cellular mechanisms in which specific signals are transmitted through the targeted cleavage of proteins. Unlike phosphorylation-based signaling, which relies on reversible modifications, proteolytic signaling often involves irreversible activation or degradation of proteins. This form of regulation is crucial in processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and adaptation to envir...") | ||||
| N 11:21 | Mechanism and significance of reversible phosphorylation in signal transduction. diffhist +6,126 Yasir AL-Bayati talk contribs (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''Reversible phosphorylation''' is one of the most critical regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. It refers to the addition (phosphorylation) and removal (dephosphorylation) of phosphate groups on proteins, catalyzed by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively. This post-translational modification functions as a molecular switch in numerous biological processes, particularly in signal transduction pathways. It enables cells to...") | ||||
| N 11:17 | G-proteins - structure, activation, function. diffhist +6,328 Yasir AL-Bayati talk contribs (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''G-proteins''', or guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of molecular switches that play an essential role in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses. They are involved in various physiological processes including vision, olfaction, neurotransmission, metabolism, and hormone signaling. G-proteins act as key intermediaries in signaling pathways initiated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest...") | ||||
| N 11:14 | Thyroid hormones and their function in regulatory processes. diffhist +4,129 78.128.180.64 talk (Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''Reversible phosphorylation''' is one of the most important post-translational modifications in cellular biology. It plays a crucial role in signal transduction pathways by regulating protein activity, localization, and interactions. Through the dynamic addition and removal of phosphate groups, cells can respond rapidly and precisely to internal and external stimuli. == Mechanism == The process of reversible phosphorylation is carrie...") | ||||
