Sialoadenitis

Electron microscopic image of a parotid gland infiltrated with parotitis virus

Child with mumps

Sialoadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands. They can be divided into:

1. imunosialoadenitidy;
2. infectious sialoadenitis ;
   • bacterial;
   • viral;
   • specific ( syphilis , tuberculosis , actinomycosis );
3. radiation sialoadenitis .

Immunosialoadenitis

This group of salivary gland diseases includes the so-called myoepithelial sialoadenitis , which is an autoimmune disease that occurs as part of Sjögren's syndrome .

• Clinically, the disease is manifested by a typical triad: rheumatoid arthritis , xerophthalmia , xerostomia .
• In a salivary gland affected by myoepithelial sialoadenitis, the risk of malignant lymphoma is several times higher .
• We administer immunosuppressants and corticosteroids .

Acute viral sialoadenitis

Acute viral sialoadenitis is caused by the mumps virus ( mumps ), which belongs to the so-called paramyxoviruses, possibly another sialotrope virus.

• It often occurs in childhood.
• In addition to gl. the parotid gland can also affect the CNS , testicles , ovaries , pancreas or auditory nerve .
• Treatment is symptomatic.

Acute bacterial sialoadenitis

This is an acute bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotid or gl. submandibularis. It often occurs during dehydration as an ascending ductal infection.

• The inflammation is monoglandular and occurs unilaterally.
• Symptoms are swelling, pain, dysfunction, saliva is viscous to purulent. Resistance can be felt.
• The disease can be complicated by the formation of an abscess , which must then be treated surgically.
• Treatment consists of rehydration and application of ATB .

Chronic bacterial sialoadenitis

Microscopic image of chronic sialoadenitis

Chronic fibroproductive sialoadenitis

Affects gl. submandibularis. It is a chronic fibroproductive inflammation , which is clinically manifested by an enlarged and stiff submandibular gland. The disease is sometimes inappropriately referred to as the so-called Küttner's tumor .

• Treatment consists in extirpation of the gland.

Chronic recurrent parotitis (Morbus Payen; Parotitis recidivans)

It is a chronic bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotis, which has a typical paroxysmal course. The periods between attacks are asymptomatic.

• It occurs mainly in childhood (between the ages of 1 and 14), and usually disappears in puberty.
• The disease has a characteristic sialographic picture. The entire gland is permeated by a number of round cysts that enlarge into irregular cisterns during the course of the disease.
• At the time of the attack, we treat with antibiotics .

Sialoadenitis from radiation

It is a pathological condition manifested within 24 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation. Its severity depends on the dose of radiation, after a few days it may return to its original state.

• There is edema and necrosis of the acini, the parenchyma of the gland atrophies, the epithelium becomes metaplastic or atypically proliferates.
• Interstitial fibrosis is present.
• The disease is part of oral mucositis.
• Treatment consists of saliva replacement.

Links

Related Articles

• Salivary gland diseases
• Examination methods in ENT/overview
• Saliva

Source

• BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. ©2007. [cit. 2009]. <http://jirben2.chytrak.cz/materialy/orl_jb.doc>.

References

• KLOZAR, Jan. Speciální otorinolaryngologie. 1. edition. Galén, 2005. 224 pp. ISBN 80-7262-346-X.

• KILIAN, Jan. Prevence ve stomatologii. 2. edition. Galén, 1999. ISBN 80-7262-022-3.

• WOTKE, Jiří. Patologie orofaciální oblasti. 1. edition. Grada, 2001. ISBN 80-7169-975-6.

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