Sialoadenitis

Electron microscopic image of a parotid gland infiltrated with parotitis virus

Child with mumps

Sialoadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands. They can be divided into:

imunosialoadenitis;
infectious sialoadenitis;
- bacterial;
- viral;
- specific ( syphilis, tuberculosis, actinomycosis );
radiation sialoadenitis .

Immunosialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

This group of salivary gland diseases includes the so-called myoepithelial sialoadenitis, which is an autoimmune disease that occurs as part of Sjögren's syndrome.

Clinically, the disease is manifested by a typical triad: rheumatoid arthritis, xerophthalmia, xerostomia.
In a salivary gland affected by myoepithelial sialoadenitis, the risk of malignant lymphoma is several times higher.
We administer immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

Acute viral sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Acute viral sialoadenitis is caused by the mumps virus (mumps), which belongs to the so-called paramyxoviruses, possibly another sialotrope virus.

It often occurs in childhood.
In addition to gl. the parotid gland can also affect the CNS, testicles, ovaries, pancreas or auditory nerve.
Treatment is symptomatic.

Acute bacterial sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

This is an acute bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotid or gl. submandibularis. It often occurs during dehydration as an ascending ductal infection.

The inflammation is monoglandular and occurs unilaterally.
Symptoms are swelling, pain, dysfunction, saliva is viscous to purulent. Resistance can be felt.
The disease can be complicated by the formation of an abscess, which must then be treated surgically.
Treatment consists of rehydration and application of ATB.

Chronic bacterial sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Microscopic image of chronic sialoadenitis

Chronic fibroproductive sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Affects gl. submandibularis. It is a chronic fibroproductive inflammation , which is clinically manifested by an enlarged and stiff submandibular gland. The disease is sometimes inappropriately referred to as the so-called Küttner's tumor.

Treatment consists in extirpation of the gland.

Chronic recurrent parotitis (Morbus Payen; Parotitis recidivans)[edit | edit source]

It is a chronic bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotis, which has a typical paroxysmal course. The periods between attacks are asymptomatic.

It occurs mainly in childhood (between the ages of 1 and 14), and usually disappears in puberty.
The disease has a characteristic sialographic picture. The entire gland is permeated by a number of round cysts that enlarge into irregular cisterns during the course of the disease.
At the time of the attack, we treat with antibiotics.

Sialoadenitis from radiation[edit | edit source]

It is a pathological condition manifested within 24 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation. Its severity depends on the dose of radiation, after a few days it may return to its original state.

There is edema and necrosis of the acini, the parenchyma of the gland atrophies, the epithelium becomes metaplastic or atypically proliferates.
Interstitial fibrosis is present.
The disease is part of oral mucositis.
Treatment consists of saliva replacement.

Links[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

KLOZAR, Jan. Speciální otorinolaryngologie. 1. edition. Galén, 2005. 224 pp. ISBN 80-7262-346-X.

KILIAN, Jan. Prevence ve stomatologii. 2. edition. Galén, 1999. ISBN 80-7262-022-3.

WOTKE, Jiří. Patologie orofaciální oblasti. 1. edition. Grada, 2001. ISBN 80-7169-975-6.