Sixth disease: Difference between revisions
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'''Sixth disease''' or '''sixth childhood disease''' (''exanthema subitum'', ''roseola infantum'') is a viral [[infection|infectious disease]] caused by ''[[Herpesviridae| human herpesvirus 6]] (HHV 6)'', less often ''HHV 7''.<ref name="ppp">{{ | '''Sixth disease''' or '''sixth childhood disease''' (''exanthema subitum'', ''roseola infantum'') is a viral [[infection|infectious disease]] caused by '''[[Herpesviridae| human herpesvirus 6]]''' ''(HHV 6)'', less often ''HHV 7''. | ||
<ref name="ppp">{{Cite | |||
|type = article | |type = article | ||
|corporation = | |corporation = | ||
| Line 39: | Line 40: | ||
|journal = Pediatrics for practice | |journal = Pediatrics for practice | ||
|year = 2009 | |year = 2009 | ||
| | |the_year = 10 | ||
|pages = 176-179 | |pages = 176-179 | ||
|issn = 1803-5264 | |issn = 1803-5264 | ||
|url = https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/ | |url = https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/ | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
The sixth disease is one of the frequent rash diseases of ''childhood''. The most affected are children under the age of three. The infection is most often transmitted by '''saliva'' from other family members. | The sixth disease is one of the frequent rash diseases of '''childhood'''. The most affected are children under the '''age of three'''. The infection is most often transmitted by '''saliva''' from other family members. | ||
<ref name="Ped">{{ | <ref name="Ped">{{Cite | ||
|type = book | |type = book | ||
|surname1 = Lissauer | |surname1 = Lissauer | ||
| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
|name2 = Graham | |name2 = Graham | ||
|title = Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics | |title = Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics | ||
| | |edition = 3 | ||
| | |location = Spain | ||
|publisher = Elsevier | |publisher = Elsevier | ||
|year = 2007 | |year = 2007 | ||
| Line 62: | Line 63: | ||
However, the virus has also been detected in the urine, breast milk and genital secretions of women. Therefore, intrauterine transmission is also assumed. | However, the virus has also been detected in the urine, breast milk and genital secretions of women. Therefore, intrauterine transmission is also assumed. | ||
<ref name="Inf">{{ | <ref name="Inf">{{Cite | ||
| type = book | | type = book | ||
| isbn = 978-80-7262-644-1 | | isbn = 978-80-7262-644-1 | ||
| surname1 = Beneš | | surname1 = Beneš | ||
| name1 = George | | name1 = George | ||
| | | others = yes | ||
| title = Infectious Diseases | | title = Infectious Diseases | ||
| | | edition = 1 | ||
| place = Prague | | place = Prague | ||
| publisher = Galen | | publisher = Galen | ||
| Line 75: | Line 76: | ||
| range = 651 | | range = 651 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
After infection, the virus '''persists permanently'' in the body, just like other [[herpesviruses]].<ref name="ppp"/> | After infection, the virus '''persists permanently''' in the body, just like other [[herpesviruses]].<ref name="ppp"/> | ||
== Clinical picture == | == Clinical picture == | ||
The illness starts '''suddenly'' with a high '''[[Fever (pediatrics)|fever]]''' (39-40 °C) that '''lasts for several days''. Enlargement of the retroauricular and cervical nodes may occur during fever. <ref name="Inf"/> After the fever subsides, a '''generalized macular | The illness starts '''suddenly''' with a high '''[[Fever (pediatrics)|fever]]''' (39-40 °C) that '''lasts for several days'''. Enlargement of the retroauricular and cervical nodes may occur during fever. <ref name="Inf"/> After the fever subsides, a '''generalized macular''' or '''maculopapular exanthema''' appears on the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs. The rash subsides within a few hours to 2 days<ref name="ppp"/>. It typically '''does''' '''not''' '''occur''' on the face. | ||
{{Cave|}} The disease can also occur as a febrile illness '''without rash'', with respiratory symptoms, diarrhea and increased irritability <ref name="Inf"/> | {{Cave|}} The disease can also occur as a febrile illness '''without rash''', with respiratory symptoms, diarrhea and increased irritability <ref name="Inf"/> | ||
It can be accompanied by '''[[febrile convulsions|febrile convulsions]]'''.<ref name="Ped"/> | It can be accompanied by '''[[febrile convulsions|febrile convulsions]]'''.<ref name="Ped"/> | ||
| Line 87: | Line 88: | ||
{{Cave|Misdiagnosis}} | {{Cave|Misdiagnosis}} | ||
* This disease is often '''confused'' with [[measles|measles]] or [[rubella|rubella]], which are far more serious and can be confirmed serologically. | * This disease is often '''confused''' with [[measles|measles]] or [[rubella|rubella]], which are far more serious and can be confirmed serologically. | ||
* If the doctor does not think of the sixth disease and prescribes '''antibiotics | * If the doctor does not think of the sixth disease and prescribes '''antibiotics''' to treat the fever, the seeding of the rash can be confused with '''antibiotic allergy'''<ref name="Ped"/> | ||
{{Note| In the case of drug exanthemas, the rash usually occurs only after 5-10 days. day after the start of drug administration.}} | {{Note| In the case of drug exanthemas, the rash usually occurs only after 5-10 days. day after the start of drug administration.}} | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
As it is a viral disease, the treatment is only '''symptomatic'''. We recommend patients a rest regime, plenty of fluids, or '''[[antipyretics]] | As it is a viral disease, the treatment is only '''symptomatic'''. We recommend patients a rest regime, plenty of fluids, or '''[[antipyretics]]'''. | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
=== External links === | === External links === | ||
* [https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz//pdfs/ped/2008/06/03.pdf | * [https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz//pdfs/ped/2008/06/03.pdf Pediatrics for practice: Viral rashes of childhood] | ||
* [https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz//pdfs/ped/2009/03/09.pdf | * [https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz//pdfs/ped/2009/03/09.pdf Pediatrics for practice: Infectious rash diseases in childhood] | ||
=== References === | |||
=== | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
=== Literature === | === Literature === | ||
* {{ | === Literature === | ||
| | * {{Cite | ||
| | |type = book | ||
| | |surname1 = Lissauer | ||
| | |name1 = Tom | ||
| | |surname2 = Clayden | ||
| | |name2 = Graham | ||
| | |title = Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics | ||
| | |edition = 3 | ||
| | |location = Spain | ||
| | |publisher = Elsevier | ||
| | |year = 2007 | ||
|pages = | |||
|isbn = 978-07234-3398-9 | |isbn = 978-07234-3398-9 | ||
}} | }} | ||
* {{ | * {{Cite | ||
| | | type = book | ||
| isbn = 978-80-7262-644-1 | | isbn = 978-80-7262-644-1 | ||
| | | surname1 = Beneš | ||
| | | name1 = Jiří | ||
| | | others = ano | ||
| | | title = Infekční lékařství | ||
| | | edition = 1 | ||
| | | location = Praha | ||
| | | publisher = Galén | ||
| | | year = 2009 | ||
| | | range = 651 | ||
}} | }} | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Paediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:08, 19 November 2023
Sixth disease or sixth childhood disease (exanthema subitum, roseola infantum) is a viral infectious disease caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV 6), less often HHV 7. [1] The sixth disease is one of the frequent rash diseases of childhood. The most affected are children under the age of three. The infection is most often transmitted by saliva from other family members. [2]
However, the virus has also been detected in the urine, breast milk and genital secretions of women. Therefore, intrauterine transmission is also assumed.
[3] After infection, the virus persists permanently in the body, just like other herpesviruses.[1]
Clinical picture[edit | edit source]
The illness starts suddenly with a high fever (39-40 °C) that lasts for several days. Enlargement of the retroauricular and cervical nodes may occur during fever. [3] After the fever subsides, a generalized macular or maculopapular exanthema appears on the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs. The rash subsides within a few hours to 2 days[1]. It typically does not occur on the face.
The disease can also occur as a febrile illness without rash, with respiratory symptoms, diarrhea and increased irritability [3]
It can be accompanied by febrile convulsions.[2]
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
We establish the diagnosis on the basis of clinical symptoms, demonstration of specific antibodies (using the ELISA method) or direct isolation of the virus.
- This disease is often confused with measles or rubella, which are far more serious and can be confirmed serologically.
- If the doctor does not think of the sixth disease and prescribes antibiotics to treat the fever, the seeding of the rash can be confused with antibiotic allergy[2]
In the case of drug exanthemas, the rash usually occurs only after 5-10 days. day after the start of drug administration.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
As it is a viral disease, the treatment is only symptomatic. We recommend patients a rest regime, plenty of fluids, or antipyretics.
Complications[edit | edit source]
As late complications, the following may rarely occur:
- aseptic meningitis,
- encephalitis,
- hepatitis,
- hematological malignancies,
- infectious mononucleosis syndrome.[2]
Links[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- Pediatrics for practice: Viral rashes of childhood
- Pediatrics for practice: Infectious rash diseases in childhood
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Jump up to: a b c KELBLEROVÁ, Aneta. Infectious rash diseases in childhood. Pediatrics for practice [online]. 2009, y. 10, p. 176-179, Available from <https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/>. ISSN 1803-5264.
- ↑ Jump up to: a b c d LISSAUER, Tom – CLAYDEN, Graham. Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics. 3. edition. Spain : Elsevier, 2007. pp. 226. ISBN 978-07234-3398-9.
- ↑ Jump up to: a b c BENEŠ, George, et al. Infectious Diseases. 1. edition. Galen, 2009. 651 pp. ISBN 978-80-7262-644-1.
Literature[edit | edit source]
Literature[edit | edit source]
- LISSAUER, Tom – CLAYDEN, Graham. Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics. 3. edition. Spain : Elsevier, 2007. ISBN 978-07234-3398-9.
- BENEŠ, Jiří. Infekční lékařství. 1. edition. Praha : Galén, 2009. 651 pp. ISBN 978-80-7262-644-1.
