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'''Acetylsalicylic acid''' (ASA) or more commonly known as '''aspirin''' is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID, NSA) used as an analgetic, antipyretic, antiphlogistic (anti-inflammatory) and antithrombotic drug. It is therefore used to treat pain, fever, inflammation, but also has the potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events by inhibiting platelet aggregation - preventing blood clot formation which could lead to stroke or myocardial infarction (MI).


Chemically, acetylsalicylic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid, which belongs to aromatic hydroxy acids. It '''irreversibly inhibits''' (by means of acetylation) the enzyme '''''cyclooxygenase (COX)''''' both type 1 and 2 but has a greater affinity to COX-1. COX-1 is a consitutional enzyme, while COX-2 is
<big>'''Aspirin:'''</big> {{Video | url=https://youtu.be/AYPN_nmqTtQ?t=718}}


[[File:Aspirin-skeletal.svg|thumb|159x159px|Acetylsalicylic acid (formula)]]
'''Acetylsalicylic acid''' (ASA) or more commonly known as '''aspirin''' is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID, NSA) used as an analgetic, antipyretic, antiphlogistic (anti-inflammatory) and antithrombotic drug. It is therefore used to treat pain, fever, inflammation, but also has the potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events by inhibiting platelet aggregation - preventing blood clot formation which could lead to stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). <ref>
{{Cite
| type = web
| corporation = National Center for Biotechnology Information
| source_name = PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2244, Aspirin
| publisher = National Library of Medicine
| cited = 2022-11-13
| url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aspirin
}} </ref>


'''Kyselina acetylsalicylová''' je derivátem kyseliny salicylové (ta patří mezi aromatické hydroxykyseliny). '''Ireverzibilně inhibuje enzym cyklooxygenázu''' (COX), s větší tendencí k inhibici COX-1 (konstituční enzym) oproti COX-2 (indubicilní enzym). Tato schopnost inhibice je přisuzována labilní, esterově vázané acetátové skupině.  Kyselina acetylsalicylová takto tedy blokuje cyklizační cestu přeměny [[kyselina arachidonová|kyseliny arachidonové]] a brání následovně tvorbě [[eikosanoidy|eikosanoidů]].
Trade names of acetylsalicylic acid: Acylpyrin®; Aspirin®


Působí jako [[analgetikum]], [[antipyretikum]], [[antiflogistikum]] a [[antitrombotikum]] (má protidestičkové účinky). Je součástí léčiv jako je Acylpyrin® či Aspirin® a patří mezi nejrozšířenější léky.
== Mechanism of action ==
Chemically, acetylsalicylic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid, which belongs to aromatic hydroxy acids. It '''irreversibly inhibits''' (by means of acetylation) the enzyme '''''cyclooxygenase (COX)''''' both type 1 and 2 but has a greater affinity to COX-1. COX-1 is a constitutive enzyme, while COX-2 is inducible. By inhibiting the COX enzymes, acetylsalicylic acid '''blocks the synthesis of''' '''[[eicosanoids]]''' (prostaglandins, prostacylin, thromboxanes, ...) from [[arachidonic acid]].  


{{Cave|}} Giving aspirin to children under 12 years of age is contraindicayed due to potential
== Dosing ==


Kyselinu acetylsalicylovou nepodáváme dětem do 12 let kvůli možnému vzniku [[Reyeův syndrom|Reyeova syndromu]].<noinclude>
* Low dose (75-100 mg daily) – inhibition of platelet aggregation 
** Low dose of aspirin is recommended as a long-term aspirin therapy  in prevention of cardiovascular disease events (stroke, MI). 
* Intermediate dose (< 3000g /day) – antipyretic and analgesic effect of aspirin 
* High dose (> 3000g /day) – anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin 
** Aspirin is an effective anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatic disorders, but high doses of aspirin result in toxicity, including tinnitus, hearing loss and gastric intolerance. <ref>
{{Cite
| type = web
| corporation = Up To Date
| surname1 = Abramson
| name1 = Steven B., MD
| surname2 = Furst
| name2 = Daniel E., MD
| surname3 = Seo
| name3 = Philip, MD
| source_name = Aspirin: Mechanism of action, major toxicities, and use in rheumatic diseases
| date_of_revision = October 2022
| cited = 2022-11-13
| url = https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aspirin-mechanism-of-action-major-toxicities-and-use-in-rheumatic-diseases
}} </ref>


==Odkazy==
{{Cave|}} Giving '''aspirin to children under 12 years of age is not recommended''' due to the risk of [[Reye's Syndrome|Reye's syndrome]], which is a rare but severe case of acute encephalopathy and hepatic steatosis in children and adolescents. 
===Související články===
 
*[[Neopioidní analgetika]]
==References==
===Externí odkazy===
===Related articles===
*[[wikipedia:cs:Kyselina acetylsalicylová|Kyselina acetylsalicylová (česká wikipedie)]]
*[[NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)]]
*[[wikipedia:en:Aspirin|Aspirin (anglická wikipedie)]]
*[[Non-opioid analgesics]]
===Použitá literatura===
*[[Reye's Syndrome]]
*{{Citace
===External links===
| typ = kniha
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin Aspirin (English Wikipedia)]
| příjmení1 = Ledvina
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00945 Aspirin (DrugBank Online)]
| jméno1 = Miroslav
*[https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aspirin-in-the-primary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-beyond-the-basics#:~:text=To%20summarize%2C%20daily%2C%20low%2D,the%20risk%20of%20major%20bleeding. Aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (UpToDate)]
| kolektiv = ano
===References===
| titul = Biochemie pro studující medicíny I. díl
<references />
| vydání = 2
===Bibliography===
| místo = Praha
*{{Cite
| vydavatel = Nakladatelství Karolinum
| type = book
| rok = 2009
| surname1 = Ledvina
| rozsah = 269
| name1 = Miroslav
| others = yes
| title = Biochemie pro studující medicíny I. díl
| edition = 2
| city = Prague
| publisher = Nakladatelství Karolinum
| year = 2009
| range = 269
| isbn = 978-80-246-1416-8
| isbn = 978-80-246-1416-8
}}
}}
*{{Citace
*{{Cite
| typ = kniha
| type = book
| isbn = 978-80-7262-373-0
| isbn = 978-80-7262-373-0
| příjmení1 = Lincová
| surname1 = Lincová
| jméno1 = Dagmar
| name1 = Dagmar
| příjmení2 = Farghali
| surname2 = Farghali
| jméno2 = Hassan
| name2 = Hassan
| kolektiv = ano
| others = yes
| titul = Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie
| title = Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie
| vydání = 2
| edition = 2
| místo = Praha
| city = Prague
| vydavatel = Galén
| publisher = Galén
| rok = 2007
| year = 2007
| rozsah = 672
| range = 672
}}
}}
{{Citace
*{{Cite
  | typ = kniha
  | type = book
  | příjmení1 = Lüllmann
  | surname1 = Lüllmann
  | jméno1 = Heinz
  | name1 = Heinz
  | příjmení2 = Mohr
  | surname2 = Mohr
  | jméno2 = Klaus
  | name2 = Klaus
  | příjmení3 = Wehling
  | surname3 = Wehling
  | jméno3 = Martin
  | name3 = Martin
  | titul = Farmakologie a toxikologie
  | title = Farmakologie a toxikologie
  | podnázev = 47 tabulek
  | subtitle = 47 tabulek
  | vydání = -
  | edition = -
  | vydavatel = Grada Publishing a.s.
  | publisher = Grada Publishing a.s.
  | rok = 2002
  | year = 2002
  | isbn = 80-7169-976-4
  | isbn = 80-7169-976-4
  | rozsah = 696
  | range = 696
  | strany = 330
  | pages = 330
}} </noinclude>[[Kategorie:Farmakologie]] [[Kategorie:Biochemie]]
}}
 
[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:Biochemistry]]

Latest revision as of 21:30, 2 October 2023

Aspirin:


Acetylsalicylic acid (formula)

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or more commonly known as aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID, NSA) used as an analgetic, antipyretic, antiphlogistic (anti-inflammatory) and antithrombotic drug. It is therefore used to treat pain, fever, inflammation, but also has the potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events by inhibiting platelet aggregation - preventing blood clot formation which could lead to stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). [1]

Trade names of acetylsalicylic acid: Acylpyrin®; Aspirin®

Mechanism of action[edit | edit source]

Chemically, acetylsalicylic acid is a derivative of salicylic acid, which belongs to aromatic hydroxy acids. It irreversibly inhibits (by means of acetylation) the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) both type 1 and 2 but has a greater affinity to COX-1. COX-1 is a constitutive enzyme, while COX-2 is inducible. By inhibiting the COX enzymes, acetylsalicylic acid blocks the synthesis of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, prostacylin, thromboxanes, ...) from arachidonic acid.

Dosing[edit | edit source]

  • Low dose (75-100 mg daily) – inhibition of platelet aggregation
    • Low dose of aspirin is recommended as a long-term aspirin therapy in prevention of cardiovascular disease events (stroke, MI).
  • Intermediate dose (< 3000g /day) – antipyretic and analgesic effect of aspirin
  • High dose (> 3000g /day) – anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin
    • Aspirin is an effective anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatic disorders, but high doses of aspirin result in toxicity, including tinnitus, hearing loss and gastric intolerance. [2]

Cave!!!.png Giving aspirin to children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, which is a rare but severe case of acute encephalopathy and hepatic steatosis in children and adolescents.

References[edit | edit source]

Related articles[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2244, Aspirin [online]. National Library of Medicine, [cit. 2022-11-13]. <https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aspirin>.
  2. ↑ Up To Date. Aspirin: Mechanism of action, major toxicities, and use in rheumatic diseases [online]. The last revision October 2022, [cit. 2022-11-13]. <https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aspirin-mechanism-of-action-major-toxicities-and-use-in-rheumatic-diseases>.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • LEDVINA, Miroslav, et al. Biochemie pro studující medicíny I. díl. 2. edition. Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2009. 269 pp. ISBN 978-80-246-1416-8.
  • LINCOVÁ, Dagmar – FARGHALI, Hassan, et al. Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie. 2. edition. Galén, 2007. 672 pp. ISBN 978-80-7262-373-0.
  • LÜLLMANN, Heinz – MOHR, Klaus – WEHLING, Martin. Farmakologie a toxikologie : 47 tabulek. - edition. Grada Publishing a.s., 2002. 696 pp. pp. 330. ISBN 80-7169-976-4.
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