Prefrontal syndrome: Difference between revisions
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(Original text was in wikiskripta: Prefrontální syndrom https://www.wikiskripta.eu/w/Prefront%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_syndrom) |
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Denotes involvement of the front precental gyrus , it was previously referred to as an [[organic psychosyndrome]] . | |||
== | == Prefrontal system == | ||
[[Soubor:Prefrontal1.png|náhled|Prefrontální kůra a její části zvýrazněné odstíny modré barvy.]] | [[Soubor:Prefrontal1.png|náhled|Prefrontální kůra a její části zvýrazněné odstíny modré barvy.]] | ||
[[ | [[Prefrontal system|The prefrontal system]] is one of the largest cortical regions of the [[brain]] . It forms (together with the [[central region]] ) one of the two parts of the frontal lobe. | ||
=== | === Function === | ||
* | * integration of information from different sources, planning, decision-making, new ideas (see below) | ||
* ''''' | * '''''integration of sensory perceptions''''' (connection with the visual, auditory, olfactory, etc. cortex) | ||
* ''''' | * '''''integration of learning and memory''''' (connecting with the [[limbic system]]) | ||
* | * leading role on '''''the regulation of the limmbic system''''' (projection to the [[hypothalamus]]). | ||
* | *various '''''specifically human functions:''''' abstract thinking, creativity, social relations, responsibility, etc. | ||
* | * attention, perception, movement, temporal integration, emotions | ||
=== | === Connections === | ||
* | * connections from the whole brain, mainly with the rostral [[thalamus]] ( mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus) | ||
* | * connections with mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus: | ||
::* ''''' | ::* '''''large cell part''''' : to the orbital and medial parts of the prefrontal cortex | ||
::** | ::** lesions: euphoria, hyperkinesia, inappropriate social behavior. | ||
::* ''''' | ::* '''''small cell part''''' : to the dorsolateral parts of the prefrontal cortex | ||
::** | ::** lesions; apathetic-ablous syndrome, hypokinesia, congenitive disorders | ||
== | == Clinical signs == | ||
Clinical symptoms of prefrontal syndrome include: | |||
* | * the so-called apathetic-abulous syndrome: (sometimes also referred to as amotivational syndrome), | ||
** ''' | ** '''apathy''' (numbness,surrender), | ||
** ''' | ** '''abulia''' (loss of will to do any activity). | ||
* | * significant deterioration of [[memory]] in the implantable component, | ||
* ''' | * '''bradypsychism''', | ||
* | * the patient has no insight into his illness ('''anosognosia'''), | ||
* | * undue euporia, | ||
* '''moria''' ( | * '''moria''' (indecent jokes and vulgarisms), | ||
* ''' | * '''gatism''' (does not observe cleanlines, gives the impression of approval), | ||
* ''' | * '''ganserism''' (he tals about himself in the third person), | ||
* | * gives approximate answers, | ||
* ''' | * '''puerilism''' (childish behaviour), | ||
* ''' | * '''amotional lability - '''apathy alternates wit bouts of rage. | ||
The most serious manifestation of frontal lobe involvement is a '''comatose state'''. | |||
== | == Examination == | ||
During the examination, we objectify a number of [[reflexes]]<nowiki/>reflecting prefrontal deliberation. [[Positivity of axial phenomena]] appears (nasolabial, mentolabial and sucking reflexes). A bilateral lesion of the prefrontal area leads to disorder of standing and walking, the so-called [[Frontal gait disorder|frontal gait]] <ref name="Ambler">{{Citace | |||
| typ = kniha | | typ = kniha | ||
| isbn = 80-7262-433-4 | | isbn = 80-7262-433-4 | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| rok = 2006 | | rok = 2006 | ||
| rozsah = 0 | | rozsah = 0 | ||
}}</ref> ''' | }}</ref> '''Henner's crescendo retropulse''' – when the center of gravity is shifted backwards, the patient backs up with accelerating steps until he falls (impairment of the fronto-ponto-cerebellar pathway). When the frontal base is affected, '''hyposmia''' or anosmia from the [[olfactory pathway]]. | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
== | |||
=== | == Links == | ||
* [[ | === related article === | ||
* [[ | * [[Rolandic syndrome]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Frontal lobe syndrome]] | ||
* [[Organic psychosyndrome]] | |||
=== Reference === | === Reference === | ||
Revision as of 23:19, 20 December 2022
Denotes involvement of the front precental gyrus , it was previously referred to as an organic psychosyndrome .
Prefrontal system
náhled|Prefrontální kůra a její části zvýrazněné odstíny modré barvy. The prefrontal system is one of the largest cortical regions of the brain . It forms (together with the central region ) one of the two parts of the frontal lobe.
Function
- integration of information from different sources, planning, decision-making, new ideas (see below)
- integration of sensory perceptions (connection with the visual, auditory, olfactory, etc. cortex)
- integration of learning and memory (connecting with the limbic system)
- leading role on the regulation of the limmbic system (projection to the hypothalamus).
- various specifically human functions: abstract thinking, creativity, social relations, responsibility, etc.
- attention, perception, movement, temporal integration, emotions
Connections
- connections from the whole brain, mainly with the rostral thalamus ( mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus)
- connections with mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus:
- large cell part : to the orbital and medial parts of the prefrontal cortex
- lesions: euphoria, hyperkinesia, inappropriate social behavior.
- small cell part : to the dorsolateral parts of the prefrontal cortex
- lesions; apathetic-ablous syndrome, hypokinesia, congenitive disorders
- large cell part : to the orbital and medial parts of the prefrontal cortex
Clinical signs
Clinical symptoms of prefrontal syndrome include:
- the so-called apathetic-abulous syndrome: (sometimes also referred to as amotivational syndrome),
- apathy (numbness,surrender),
- abulia (loss of will to do any activity).
- significant deterioration of memory in the implantable component,
- bradypsychism,
- the patient has no insight into his illness (anosognosia),
- undue euporia,
- moria (indecent jokes and vulgarisms),
- gatism (does not observe cleanlines, gives the impression of approval),
- ganserism (he tals about himself in the third person),
- gives approximate answers,
- puerilism (childish behaviour),
- amotional lability - apathy alternates wit bouts of rage.
The most serious manifestation of frontal lobe involvement is a comatose state.
Examination
During the examination, we objectify a number of reflexesreflecting prefrontal deliberation. Positivity of axial phenomena appears (nasolabial, mentolabial and sucking reflexes). A bilateral lesion of the prefrontal area leads to disorder of standing and walking, the so-called frontal gait [1] Henner's crescendo retropulse – when the center of gravity is shifted backwards, the patient backs up with accelerating steps until he falls (impairment of the fronto-ponto-cerebellar pathway). When the frontal base is affected, hyposmia or anosmia from the olfactory pathway.
