Carpal bones: Difference between revisions
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The carpal bones (ossa carpi) consist of two rows of small bones, each row of four: | |||
* Proximal row – (mediolaterally, ulnoradially) os pisiforme, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid; | |||
* | * distal row – (mediolateral, ulnoradial) os hamatum, capitatum, trapezoideum, trapezoid. | ||
The proximal series participates in radioulnar articulation. The distal ossa metacarpi ([https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Metacarpal_bone metacarpal bones]) are attached. | |||
The carpal bone forms the bony base of the carpal tunnel, through which the tendons of m. flexos digitorum superficialis et profundus and the median nerve, which is often oppressed here [[Carpal tunnel syndrome|(carpal tunnel syndrome]]), pass. | |||
== | ==Proximal series== | ||
===== Os pisiforme ===== | |||
Pisiform bone. It has both the shape and size of a pea grain. It develops as a sesame bone in the tendon of the ulnar flexor of the wrist. | |||
===== Os triquetrum ===== | |||
Triangular bone. It has the shape of an irregular tetrahedron. | |||
===== Os lunatum ===== | |||
Calendula bone. Its shape resembles a crescent. | |||
===== Os scaphoideum ===== | |||
Shuttle-shaped bone (not to be confused with ''os naviculare'' on tarsus). Its shape remotely resembles a boat, the depression is reversed medially. It is the largest bone of the proximal series. It bears ''tuberculum ossis scaphoidei''. (unfortunately on the English version of the picture there is just mentioned error - naviculare x scaphoideum) | |||
==Distal series== | |||
=====Os hamatum===== | =====Os hamatum===== | ||
Hook-shaped bone. It has a triangular shape. Prominently from it stands out ''hamulus ossis hamati'' (hook). | |||
=====Os capitatum===== | |||
===== Os capitatum ===== | |||
=====Os trapezoideum/Os multangulum minus===== | Head bone. The largest carpal bone. The proximal part is called the ''caput ossis capitati'' and fits into the proximal series between ''the os lunatum'' and ''os scaphoideum''. | ||
===== Os trapezoideum/Os multangulum minus ===== | |||
A small polygonal bone, or scarf-shaped. Its shape resembles the letter L (''shoe''), in the sagittal cross-section it has the shape of a pyramid turned by the base on the ''dorsum manus''. | |||
===== Os trapezium/Os multangulum majus[edit | edit source] ===== | |||
Large bone polygonal. It has a similar shape to ''the os trapezoideum'', but it is larger. Laterodorsally, there is a prominent saddle surface for articulation with the first (thumb) metacarpal bone. | |||
==== | ==ossification== | ||
Carpal ossifications ossify postnatally in the following order (approximate time of ossification in parentheses): | |||
: | : Os capitatum (2. m), hamatum (3. m), triquetrum (3. r), lunatum (4. r), scaphoideum (5. r), trapezium (5. r), ''trapezoideum (6. r), pisiforme (7.–13. r).'' | ||
Ossification of carpal ossicles is a good indicator of a child's physical maturity. | |||
==== | ==== Pictures ==== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Soubor:Gray224.png| Os pisiforme sinistrum | Soubor:Gray224.png| Os pisiforme sinistrum | ||
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== | ==Links== | ||
=== | ===Related Articles=== | ||
=== | ===Bibliography=== | ||
* {{Citace | * {{Citace | ||
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|url = | |url = | ||
}} | }} | ||
** ČIHÁK, Radomír. ''Anatomie 1. ''2. vydání. Praha : Grada Publishing, a.s., 2008. 516 s. sv. 1. <nowiki>ISBN 80-7169-970-5</nowiki>. | |||
{{navbox - kosti}} | {{navbox - kosti}} | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
Revision as of 00:20, 6 June 2023
The carpal bones (ossa carpi) consist of two rows of small bones, each row of four:
- Proximal row – (mediolaterally, ulnoradially) os pisiforme, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid;
- distal row – (mediolateral, ulnoradial) os hamatum, capitatum, trapezoideum, trapezoid.
The proximal series participates in radioulnar articulation. The distal ossa metacarpi (metacarpal bones) are attached.
The carpal bone forms the bony base of the carpal tunnel, through which the tendons of m. flexos digitorum superficialis et profundus and the median nerve, which is often oppressed here (carpal tunnel syndrome), pass.
Proximal series
Os pisiforme
Pisiform bone. It has both the shape and size of a pea grain. It develops as a sesame bone in the tendon of the ulnar flexor of the wrist.
Os triquetrum
Triangular bone. It has the shape of an irregular tetrahedron.
Os lunatum
Calendula bone. Its shape resembles a crescent.
Os scaphoideum
Shuttle-shaped bone (not to be confused with os naviculare on tarsus). Its shape remotely resembles a boat, the depression is reversed medially. It is the largest bone of the proximal series. It bears tuberculum ossis scaphoidei. (unfortunately on the English version of the picture there is just mentioned error - naviculare x scaphoideum)
Distal series
Os hamatum
Hook-shaped bone. It has a triangular shape. Prominently from it stands out hamulus ossis hamati (hook).
Os capitatum
Head bone. The largest carpal bone. The proximal part is called the caput ossis capitati and fits into the proximal series between the os lunatum and os scaphoideum.
Os trapezoideum/Os multangulum minus
A small polygonal bone, or scarf-shaped. Its shape resembles the letter L (shoe), in the sagittal cross-section it has the shape of a pyramid turned by the base on the dorsum manus.
Os trapezium/Os multangulum majus[edit | edit source]
Large bone polygonal. It has a similar shape to the os trapezoideum, but it is larger. Laterodorsally, there is a prominent saddle surface for articulation with the first (thumb) metacarpal bone.
ossification
Carpal ossifications ossify postnatally in the following order (approximate time of ossification in parentheses):
- Os capitatum (2. m), hamatum (3. m), triquetrum (3. r), lunatum (4. r), scaphoideum (5. r), trapezium (5. r), trapezoideum (6. r), pisiforme (7.–13. r).
Ossification of carpal ossicles is a good indicator of a child's physical maturity.
Pictures
- Soubor:Gray224.png
Os pisiforme sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray223.png
Os triquetrum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray222.png
Os lunatum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray221.png
Os scaphoideum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray228.png
Os hamatum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray227.png
Os capitatum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray226.png
Os trapezoideum sinistrum
- Soubor:Gray225.png
Os trapezium sinistrum
- Soubor:RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg
Vzájemná poloha kůstek
- Soubor:Sobo 1909 128.png
Ossa manus
Links
Related Articles
Bibliography
-
- ČIHÁK, Radomír. Anatomie 1. 2. vydání. Praha : Grada Publishing, a.s., 2008. 516 s. sv. 1. ISBN 80-7169-970-5.
Bones bones of the skull bones of the neurocranium os occipitale • os sphenoidale • os ethmoidale • os temporale • os frontale • os parietale • os lacrimale • os nasale • vomer bones of the splanchnocranium maxilla • os palatinum • os zygomaticum • mandible • os hyoideum • ossicula auditus • concha nasalis inferior axial skeleton spine • vertebrae • ribs • sternum • os sacrum bones of the upper limb plait scapula • clavicle arm and forearm humerus • ulna • radius hand carpus • metacarpus • finger bones bones of the lower limb plait os coxae ( hip bone • ischium • pubic bone ) thigh and lower leg femur • patella • tibia • fibula leg ossa tarsi • ossa metatarsi • bones of the fingers Portal: Anatomy
