Upper premolars: Difference between revisions
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=== Second upper premolar === | === Second upper premolar === | ||
It is smaller in volume than [[wikiskripta:První_horní_premolár|the first premolar]] , to which it is very similar except for a few differences. Unlike the first upper premolar, both cusps are the same height. In 90%, it has only one root, which has a close relationship with [[wikiskripta:Vedlejší_dutiny_nosní|the maxillary cavity]] . Like all premolars, they belong to [[wikiskripta:Zubní_pilíře|pillars II. class according to Voldřich]] . | It is smaller in volume than [[wikiskripta:První_horní_premolár|the first premolar]] , to which it is very similar except for a few differences. Unlike the first upper premolar, both cusps are the same height. In 90%, it has only one root, which has a close relationship with [[wikiskripta:Vedlejší_dutiny_nosní|the maxillary cavity]] . Like all premolars, they belong to [[wikiskripta:Zubní_pilíře|pillars II. class according to Voldřich]] . | ||
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== Links == | == Links == | ||
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* {{Cite| type = book| surname1 = Svoboda| name1 = Otto| others = yes| title = Stomatologická propedeutika| subtitle = Učebnice pro lékařské fakulty| edition = 1| publisher = Avicenum| year = 1984| range= 392| isbn = -}} | * {{Cite| type = book| surname1 = Svoboda| name1 = Otto| others = yes| title = Stomatologická propedeutika| subtitle = Učebnice pro lékařské fakulty| edition = 1| publisher = Avicenum| year = 1984| range= 392| isbn = -}} | ||
[[Category:Anatomy]] | [[Category:Anatomy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 22 June 2023
The upper premolars have an outline similar to a rectangle or an ellipse, and their vestibular surfaces resemble the labial surface of a canine. The approximal surfaces have a rectangular shape and are convex at the point of contact (on the contrary, they are concave in the cervical direction).
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First upper premolar[edit | edit source]
Two cusps – the buccal cusp points distally and is higher and sharper than the palatal cusp. As the only one of all premolars, it has the largest percentage of cases (60%)
two roots and 92% two canals. The roots are gracile and twisted - difficult to treat endodontically. Frequent extraction for orthodontic reasons. This is pillar II. class according to Voldřich .
Second upper premolar[edit | edit source]
It is smaller in volume than the first premolar , to which it is very similar except for a few differences. Unlike the first upper premolar, both cusps are the same height. In 90%, it has only one root, which has a close relationship with the maxillary cavity . Like all premolars, they belong to pillars II. class according to Voldřich .
Links[edit | edit source]
[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ČIHÁK, Radomír – GRIM, Miloš. Anatomie 2. 3. edition. Praha : Grada, 2013. ISBN 978-80-247-4788-0.
- SVOBODA, Otto, et al. Stomatologická propedeutika : Učebnice pro lékařské fakulty. 1. edition. Avicenum, 1984. 392 pp.
