Upper premolars

The upper premolars have an outline similar to a rectangle or an ellipse, and their vestibular surfaces resemble the labial surface of a canine. The approximal surfaces have a rectangular shape and are convex at the point of contact (on the contrary, they are concave in the cervical direction).

Upper teeth

First upper premolar

Two cusps – the buccal cusp points distally and is higher and sharper than the palatal cusp. As the only one of all premolars, it has the largest percentage of cases (60%)

two roots and 92% two canals. The roots are gracile and twisted - difficult to treat endodontically. Frequent extraction for orthodontic reasons. This is pillar II. class according to Voldřich .

First upper premolar

Second upper premolar

It is smaller in volume than the first premolar , to which it is very similar except for a few differences. Unlike the first upper premolar, both cusps are the same height. In 90%, it has only one root, which has a close relationship with the maxillary cavity . Like all premolars, they belong to pillars II. class according to Voldřich .

Links

related articles

• Morphology of teeth
• Lower premolars

References

• ČIHÁK, Radomír – GRIM, Miloš. Anatomie 2. 3. edition. Praha : Grada, 2013. ISBN 978-80-247-4788-0.

• SVOBODA, Otto, et al. Stomatologická propedeutika : Učebnice pro lékařské fakulty. 1. edition. Avicenum, 1984. 392 pp.