LF3 Pathophysiology exam questions 2020
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1. Sleep disorders, EEG
2. Acid-base balance disturbances, overview
COPD
3. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus
4. Acute pressure changes in systemic circulation (causes and consequences)
5. Acute stress reaction, cardiovascular and metabolic changes
6. Arrhythmias - overview
Sinus and supraventricular rhythms
Extrasystole
AV blocks
7. Balance disturbances: Na, K (regulation, losses, consequences)
E.g.: Hyperaldosteronism
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
Addison's disease
SIADH
Hypernatremia - 3 patients
8. Blood gas transport disorder – overview
9. Blood pressure regulation and its disorders
10. Long lasting starvation consequences,catabolic states (examples), immobilisation
11. Causes and consequences of extracorporeal fluid loss (bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.)
12. Causes and consequences of arterial hypertension
13. Causes and consequences of hypoventilation
14. Causes and consequences of local edemas (compartment syndrome)
15. Causes and consequences of osmolarity changes in extracellular
16. Causes and consequences of potassium level changes
17. Causes of arrhythmia (extra- and intracardial)
18. Circulatory shock states (definition and general division), differences in compensation
19. Compensatory mechanisms during hypovolemic shock
20. Compensatory mechanisms during shock states (comparison and importance)
21. Conduction abnormalities in the heart
22. Disorders of consciousness (general mechanisms of origin, brain death)
23. Consequences of acute and chronic bleeding (compensation)
24. Consequences of chronic stress
25. Poisonings affecting the autonomic nervous system - organophosphates, atropine, muscarinic, cocaine
26. Dehydration (types, causes and consequences)
isotonic dehydration
hypotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration
27. Hyperglycemia (causes and consequences)
https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Cushing%27s_disease
28. Disorders of fluid balance (causes and consequences)
29. Disorders of heart signal generation
30. Distributive shock, mechanisms, compensation
Septic table
31. ECG curve development during heart ischemia
32. Endocrine water metabolism regulation disorders
33. Endothelial dysfunction syndrome
34. Fever (causes and consequences); hyperthermia
35. General causes and consequences of acute organ failure (heart, lungs, kidneys)
36. General signs of inflammation
37. Glycaemia, its regulation and disorders
https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Cushing%27s_disease
38. Hypercalcemia, causes and consequences
39. Hypercapnia; causes and consequences
40. Hyperhydration (types, causes and consequences)
isotonic hyperhydration
hypotonic hyperhydration
hypertonic hyperhydration
41. Hypocalcemia, causes and consequences
42. Hyponatremia, causes and consequences
43. Hypovolemic shock (causes, phases)
44. Hypoxic hypoxia (causes and consequences)
45. Hypoxic hypoxia; compensation and adaptation; mountain sickness
46. Hypoxia, ischemia (comparison), ischemic and stagnant hypoxia
47. Hypoxias (causes and types)
48. Changes in hydration and volemia (definition, causes and consequences, clinical importance)
49. Importance of the fat tissue in health and disease
50. Increased central venous pressure, portal hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency
51. Local tissue reaction to injury (inflammation)
52. Types and causes of syncope
53. Lung gas exchange disorder (ventilation, diffusion, V/Q ratio)
54. Metabolic ABB disturbances
55. Principles of examination of the autonomic nervous system (baroreflex, Schellong's test, Valsalva's maneuver)
56. Metabolic syndrome
57. Mineral metabolism changes due endocrine disturbances (K, Na)
58. Obesity (measurement, causes, consequences, complications)
59. Pathophysiology of calcemia, free and bound calcium
60. Perfusion control and its regulation (causes and consequences of the regulation failure)
61. Phases of hypovolemic shock
62. Pulmonary hypertension (causes and consequences)
63. Qualitative and quantitative alimentation disorders (examples)
64. Quantitative and qualitative disturbances of consciousness (overview)
65. Relation between ABB and ion concentrations, impact of ion level changes on ABB; examples
66. Respiratory ABB disturbances
COPD
67. Secondary hypertension, type, causes (endocrine etc.)
68. Complications of shock states
69. Sleep apnea syndrome (central and peripheral type; consequences)
70. Types of edema according cause
