Prevention in pediatrics
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Prevention in pediatrics includes primary, secondary and tertiary care.
- Primary prevention
- prevention of children's disability (e.g. vaccination).
- Sekundary prevention
- early detection of hidden health disorders or handicaps and ensuring timely treatment (newborn screening, preventive examinations).
- Tertiary prevention
- minimization of the consequences of already existing disabilities (dispensary).[1]
Preventive inspections
- The content and time range are determined by the Decree on preventive inspections, No. 70/2012 Coll.;
- from birth to the day before turning 19 years of age – 19 preventive examinations (9 in the first year of life, 10 after the 1st year);
- entries in the vaccination certificate.
From birth to 18 months
- Rapid growth, development of motor skills, senses, speech;
- establishment of documentation;
- anamnesis;
- examination: growth, physical examination, state of psychomotor development (scheme according to Vlach);
- examinations specific to the child's age or health risk with a focus on early detection of sensory disorders;
- teaching parents about child care, including nutrition and regimen;
- vitamin prophylaxis.
- first tour
- Suitable in a family environment;
- anamnesis of the parents, pregnancy anamnesis, prenatal and perinatal anamnesis of the child, report from the maternity hospital, assessment of the overall condition of the child and control of the feeding method, possibly prophylaxis vit. K.
- 14 days of age
- Starting prophylaxis vit. D, nutrition, gross neurological abnormalities.
- 6 weeks of age
- Development of active uprighting, eye fixation.
- 3 months
- 4–5 months
- Orientation hearing examination.
- 6 months
- 7 a 8 months
- Hearing test, teeth cutting check, verticalization procedure - climbing.
- 10–11 months
- Fine motor skills (pinch grip), speech development.
- 12 months
- Development of anthropometric data, independent walking, speech (two-syllable words).
- 18 months
- Closure of the large fontanelle, motor status, behavior, speech.
From 18 months to 17 years
- Continued mental development, speech development, growth, maturation process;
- anamnesis;
- examination: growth (growth charts), physical examination, blood pressure, sensory functions, speech development, social adaptation, including inclusion in professional training;
- laboratory examination: chemical urine, lipidogram in selected groups.
- 3 years
- Validation of laterality, color knowledge at resolution level, sensory examination, speech development a socializace.
- 5 years
- Assessment of school maturity (IMV-5 test), ability to maintain bodily cleanliness, knowledge of colors at naming level, lipidogram in severe RA.
- 7 years
- Development of pubertal signs, examination of the locomotor apparatus, search for faulty posture, examination of the thyroid gland, vision, lipidogram in positive RA.
- 9 years
- Same as in 7 years old.
- 11 years
- Same as in 7 years old.
- 13 years
- Same as in 7 years + assessment of the question of the choice of professioní.
- 15 years
- Final evaluation of the childhood period, including the choice of profession.
- 17 years
- Final evaluation of the state before transfer to PL care, including study or work classification.
- Exit inspection
- Transfer to the care of PL.
Links
Related articles
References
- ↑ LEBL, Jan – PROVAZNÍK, Kamil – HEJCMANOVÁ, Ludmila. Preklinická pediatrie. 2. edition. Praha : Galén, 2007. pp. 187. ISBN 978-80-7262-438-6.
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