Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy methods are based on the theoretical frameworks of individual trends.

Rational psychotherapy

affects the patient through logical thought processes – interpretation, essence of the disease, solutions, advice
conversation is the basis
a widespread part of medical practice
it cannot be overestimated, all activity cannot be reduced to thought processes

Suggestive psychotherapy

the opposite of rational psychotherapy, it tries to bypass the rational component of the psyche, the patient has to accept the statements and follow them
the patient must be suggestible
takes place in an awake or hypnotic state
it is also a placebo effect

Hypnosis

a psychologically induced state of altered consciousness
increased suggestibility
several procedures
sleep method
- the most common type
- suggestions induce a feeling of sleepiness and fatigue
- gloom, silence, monotonous speech help

Psychotherapy through empathic conversation

C. Rogers
the patient talks about what seems important to him
the therapist listens, responds, describes feelings, empathizes, is non-directive, friendly
the authenticity of the psychotherapist
unconditional positive regard
empathy

Relaxation and imagination psychotherapy

Autogenic training

it is based on the fact that psychological tension, activation of the vegetative system and skeletal muscle tension are related
by reducing skeletal muscle tension, we reduce psychological tension
lower level – 6 tasks:
- weight training, heat, heart activity, breathing, abdominal organs, head
individual formulas - targeted at certain difficulties that the individual wants to eliminate ("I don't have a sweet tooth", "things are going well"...)

Catathymic-imaginative psychotherapy

relaxation is used to visualize various motifs
the patient completes the topics in order to put his problems into them
e.g. an image of a meadow - the patient fills it in with details

Exercise psychotherapy

basic principle – practice
learning new, consistent and targeted repetition of tasks and increasing the difficulty of tasks
on the basis of operant conditioning, conditioned reflexes, learning theory
elimination of bad habits
goal: a positive habit
developing desired skills
phobia - gradual overcoming
treatment sex. dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, vaginismus )

Assertiveness training

improving interpersonal interaction
enforcement of legitimate claims

Aversive therapy

associates unwanted activities with an unpleasant stimulus
treatment of alcohol dependence - apomorphine, antabuse

Systematic desensitization

relieves phobias
the patient relaxes and imagines that he is experiencing fear
exposure

Imitation and other techniques

observation of other persons
psychodrama

Psychoanalysis

treatment of severe neuroses and certain personality disorders
the analyst sits behind the patient's head so that the examinee cannot see him, the patient lies down
the patient is to say whatever comes to mind
one session lasts 50 minutes, 4-5 times a week, on the order of hundreds of sessions, even several years
the analyst responds with interpretations
transference – the specific relationship of the analysand to the analyst
countertransference – the analyst projects his unconscious wish onto the patient

Cognitive behavioral therapy

cognitive behavioral therapy is highly structured
goal oriented
teaches the client new skills
identifies distortions in thought

Group psychotherapy

more types:

based on psychodrama
based on psychoanalysis
based on transactional analysis
eclectically conceived

Other types of psychotherapy

supportive psychotherapy
family therapy
virtual reality therapy (VRET - Virtual reality exposure therapy)

Links

External links

Source

Incomplete citation of web. BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. The last revision 10.03.2010, <http://jirben.wz.cz>.