Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy methods are based on the theoretical frameworks of individual trends.

Rational psychotherapy

• affects the patient through logical thought processes – interpretation, essence of the disease, solutions, advice
• conversation is the basis
• a widespread part of medical practice
• it cannot be overestimated, all activity cannot be reduced to thought processes

Suggestive psychotherapy

• the opposite of rational psychotherapy, it tries to bypass the rational component of the psyche, the patient has to accept the statements and follow them
• the patient must be suggestible
• takes place in an awake or hypnotic state
• it is also a placebo effect

Hypnosis

• a psychologically induced state of altered consciousness
• increased suggestibility
• several procedures
• sleep method
  • the most common type
  • suggestions induce a feeling of sleepiness and fatigue
  • gloom, silence, monotonous speech help

Psychotherapy through empathic conversation

• C. Rogers
• the patient talks about what seems important to him
• the therapist listens, responds, describes feelings, empathizes, is non-directive, friendly
• the authenticity of the psychotherapist
• unconditional positive regard
• empathy

Relaxation and imagination psychotherapy

Autogenic training

• it is based on the fact that psychological tension, activation of the vegetative system and skeletal muscle tension are related
• by reducing skeletal muscle tension, we reduce psychological tension
• lower level – 6 tasks:
  • weight training, heat, heart activity, breathing, abdominal organs, head
• individual formulas - targeted at certain difficulties that the individual wants to eliminate ("I don't have a sweet tooth", "things are going well"...)

Catathymic-imaginative psychotherapy

• relaxation is used to visualize various motifs
• the patient completes the topics in order to put his problems into them
• e.g. an image of a meadow - the patient fills it in with details

Exercise psychotherapy

• basic principle – practice
• learning new, consistent and targeted repetition of tasks and increasing the difficulty of tasks
• on the basis of operant conditioning, conditioned reflexes, learning theory
• elimination of bad habits
• goal: a positive habit
• developing desired skills
• phobia - gradual overcoming
• treatment sex. dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, vaginismus )

Assertiveness training

• improving interpersonal interaction
• enforcement of legitimate claims

Aversive therapy

• associates unwanted activities with an unpleasant stimulus
• treatment of alcohol dependence - apomorphine, antabuse

Systematic desensitization

• relieves phobias
• the patient relaxes and imagines that he is experiencing fear
• exposure

Imitation and other techniques

• observation of other persons
• psychodrama

Psychoanalysis

• treatment of severe neuroses and certain personality disorders
• the analyst sits behind the patient's head so that the examinee cannot see him, the patient lies down
• the patient is to say whatever comes to mind
• one session lasts 50 minutes, 4-5 times a week, on the order of hundreds of sessions, even several years
• the analyst responds with interpretations
• transference – the specific relationship of the analysand to the analyst
• countertransference – the analyst projects his unconscious wish onto the patient

Cognitive behavioral therapy

• cognitive behavioral therapy is highly structured
• goal oriented
• teaches the client new skills
• identifies distortions in thought

Group psychotherapy

• more types:

1. based on psychodrama
2. based on psychoanalysis
3. based on transactional analysis
4. eclectically conceived

Other types of psychotherapy

• supportive psychotherapy
• family therapy
• virtual reality therapy (VRET - Virtual reality exposure therapy)

Links

Related Articles

• Psychotherapy - primary schools

External links

• Psychotherapy (Czech Wikipedia)
• Psychotherapy (English Wikipedia)
• Database of psychotherapeutic directions

Source

BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. [cit. 10.03.2010]. <http://jirben.wz.cz>.