Alcohol intoxication

Alcohol toxicity:

Alcohol toxicity 2:

Ethylalcohol (Ethanol)[edit | edit source]

Find more details on: Abusus of alcohol, Ethanol.

Ethylenglycol

Oxalic acid

A colorless syrupy liquid with a sweet taste and is used to make antifreeze products (Fridex® for car radiators, brake fluid).

By the same enzymes as alcohol , it is biotransformed → into glycoaldehyde → oxalic acid ,
damages renal tubules by forming calcium oxalate crystals → acute renal failure and MAC ,
osmolarity rises significantly,
the maximum concentration in plasma is 1–4 h after ingestion, the elimination half-life is short,
lethal dose - about 100 ml (with timely treatment, the ingestion of 2 liters was also survived).

Neurotoxic stage – transient drunkenness, vomiting , drowsiness, then development of MAC , hyperosmolarity, convulsions, convulsions, coma (secondary brain edema).
Cardiopulmonary stage – zin 12–24 h, dysrhythmia, severe acidosis, hyperventilation ( Kussmaul breathing ), circulatory collapse, hypocalcemia → convulsions, edema of lungs , brain, cardiopulmonary arrest.
Renal stage – 24–72 h – hematuria , albuminuria , oliguria , oxaluria , acute tubular necrosis , anuria , renal function never returns to normal.

The antidote is ethanol - orally or in a 5% glucose infusion, the level is maintained at 1 per thousand . Ethanol has a 100x greater affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase , unconverted ethylene glycol is then excreted in the urine,
dwe also administer vitamin B 1 and folic acid ,
possibly hemodialysis ,
ideal drug – fomepizole ( Antizol® ) – alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor – very expensive.

Metabolism of methyl alcohol

Formerly "wood spirit", most often mistaken for alcohol,
it is well absorbed by the lungs and skin (it is also possible to become intoxicated),
30–60% is exhaled unchanged through the lungs , the rest is oxidized to formaldehyde and formic acid,
folic acid is involved in the metabolism of formic acid, its decomposition is slow, there is a risk of accumulation, there is a risk of severe MAC and vision damage ,
vision disorders – up to 24 h latency - initially blurred vision, flashes of light, feelings of glare, loss of field of vision, fundus - there is hyperemia and edema in the disc , in addition to the nerve , it damages the retina by blocking cytochrome oxidase → hypoxia ,
blindness – 15 ml each
death – 30-240 ml each

Methanol in the urine ( BET ), in the case of intoxication in the blood, it is more reliable to measure formic acid in the urine (as a metabolite), but this is not usually done.

BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. [cit. 24.02.2010]. <http://jirben.wz.cz>.

PELCLOVÁ, Daniela. Nemoci z povolání a intoxikace. 2. edition. Praha : Karolinum, 2006. 207 pp. ISBN 80-246-1183-X.