Biomaterials – Applications in Dental Surgery
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Definition[edit | edit source]
Any material put into/interact with living organism with the objective to restore, augment or replace the function of the organism. Biomaterials do not have to be biomimetic, but to restore function.
General Classification[edit | edit source]
Metals[edit | edit source]
- Co-Cr alloys
- Stainless Steel
- Gold
- Titanium alloys
- Vitalium
- Nitinol
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Prosthodontics
- Orthopaedics
- Fracture fixation
Ceramics[edit | edit source]
- Zirconia
- Allumina
- Calcium Phosphate
- Pyrolytic Carbon
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Orthopaedics
- Heart Valves
- Dental Reconstruction
Coatings[edit | edit source]
- Bioglass
- Hydroxyapatite
- Diamond-like carbon
- Polymers
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Orthopaedics
- Contact lenses
- in-growth
Polymers[edit | edit source]
- Silicones
- Gore-tex
- Polyurethanes
- Polyethylanes
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Orthopaedics
- Catheters
- Vascular Grafts
Hydrogels[edit | edit source]
- Cellulose
- Acrylic co-polymers
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Drug Delivery
- Vitreous implants
- Wound Healing
Resorbables[edit | edit source]
- Polyglycollic acid
- Polylactic Acid
- Polyesters
Applications[edit | edit source]
- Sutures
- Drug delivery
- In-gowth
- Tissue engineering
Classification according to bio-compatibility.[edit | edit source]
- Bio-tolerated = no rejection but fibrotic border
- Bio-inert = osteointigration at bone implant contact. Eg Titanium coated with zirconium oxide
- Bio-active = induce changes in body.
- Biotoxic = not used.
