Campylobacter

Campylobacter spp.
Campylobacteraceae
Campylobacter
Colony Campylobacter Jejuni
Morphology	G-sticks
Relation to oxygen	microaerophilic
Cultivation	special cultivation soils
Antigens	membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide antigen, flagellar protein
Source	warm-blooded animals (poultry, pig)
Transmission	ingestion of contaminated food and water, contact with an infected animal, sexual intercourse
Occurrence	gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals
Incubation time	1-7 days
Disease	campylobacter enteritis
Diagnostics	rectal swab and cultivation on selective soils, latex agglutination (presence of antigens in stool), serology
Therapy	rehydration, macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides (ATB only for more serious infections)
MeSH ID	D002167

Template:Infobox - bakterie The genus Campylobacter are Gram-negative , thermophilic bacteria adapted to the digestive tract of most warm-blooded animals. It belongs to the family Campylobacteraceae, the order Campylobacterales, the class Epsilon Proteobacteria, the strain Proteobacteria, the domain Bacteria.

The genus includes 18 species , 11 of which have been shown to cause the disease. Pathogenic species are transmissible to humans and cause campylobacter enteritis. The best known members of the genus are C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. fetus and C. pylori (now known as Helicobacter pylori ).

Campylobacter Jejuni

Morphology

Bacteria of this genus are spiral or curved non-sporulating rods. If they get in adverse conditions, they can form coco-shaped forms. They have polarly located flagella, which ensure mobility.

Cultivation

Campylobacter needs special conditions for its growth. They grow in a microaerophilic environment, ie. in a low oxygen environment (usually 5% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide is used for capture)  . They require special cultivation soils and sufficient humidity, the optimal temperature is 42-43 ° C  . In stool culture, a mixture of antibiotics is added to block the growth of other bacteria present (Skirrow's medium). They form creeping colonies within 2-7 days .

Due to these growth demands, they were not identified as human pathogens until the end of the 20th century.

Occurence and resistance in the environment

In nature, microbes of the genus Campylobacter are very common, they occur in the intestines of animals (mainly pigs - C. coli , poultry - C. jejuni and C. lari and cattle - C. fetus ) and in birds. They are able to survive longer at refrigerator temperatures (4 ° C)  in water, milk, food and faeces; they remain infectious for about 3 weeks. They can be destroyed, for example, by pasteurization, acidic pH or chlorination. They are extremely sensitive to drying and most of the disinfectants used.

Disease

In animal hosts, campylobacters are usually asymptomatic, but can cause abortions in sheep, for example. In humans, pathogenic species cause campylobacteriosis (most commonly C. jejuni ).

See Campylobacter Enteritis for more information .

Links

Related articles

• Campylobacter Enteritis

Reference

1. BEDNÁŘ, Marek, Andrej SOUČEK and Věra FRAŇKOVÁ, et al. Medical microbiology: Bacteriology, virology, parasitology. 1st edition. Prague: Marvil, 1999. 558 pp. 284-285. ISBN 8023802976 .
2. ↑Jump up to:a b BENEŠ, Jiří, et al. Infectious medicine. 1st edition. Galén, 2009. 651 pp. 242-244. ISBN 978-80-7262-644-1 .

External links

• Centers for disease control and prevention. Campylobacter [online. [cit. 2014-06-02]]
• World health organization. Campylobacter [online. [cit. 2014-06-03]]

Resources

• BENEŠ, Jiří. Infectious medicine. 1st edition edition. Galén, 2009. 651 pp.  ISBN 978-80-7262-644-1 .

• JURAJDA, Vladimir. Poultry and bird diseases: bacterial and fungal infections. 1st edition. Brno: Veterinární a Farmaceutická univerzita, 2003. 185 pp.  ISBN 80-7305-464-7 .

• BEDNÁŘ, Marek, Andrej SOUČEK and Věra FRAŇKOVÁ, et al. Medical microbiology: Bacteriology, virology, parasitology. 1st edition. Prague: Marvil, 1996. 558 pp.  ISBN 8023802976 .

Bacteria
G +	coke aerobic Micrococcus Micrococcus luteus Rhodococcus Rhodococcus equi facultatively anaerobic Enterococcus Enterococcus durans • Enterococcus faecalis • Enterococcus faecium Streptococcus Streptococcus agalactiae • Streptococcus mutans • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Streptococcus pyogenes • Streptococcus suis • Oral streptococci Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Staphylococcus intermedius • Staphylococcus saprophyticus anaerobic Peptococcus Peptococcus niger Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus anaerobius • Peptostreptococcus prevotii • Peptostreptococcus vaginalis sticks aerobic + facultative anaerobic Arcanobacter Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Bacillus Bacillus anthracis • Bacillus cereus Corynebacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Corynebacterium jeikeium • Corynebacterium ulcerans • Corynebacterium urealyticum Erysipelothrix Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Listeria Listeria monocytogenes Nocardia Nocardia asteroides • Nocardia brasiliensis Rhodococcus Rhodococcus equi anaerobic Actinomyces Actinomyces israeli • Actinomyces naeslundi Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium dentium Clostridium Clostridium botulinum • Clostridium difficile • Clostridium novyi • Clostridium tetani • Clostridium perfringens • Clostridium septicum • Clostridium ulcerans Lactobacillus Lactobacillus acidophilus Propionibacterium Propionibacterium acnes • Propionibacterium propionicus
Go	coke aerobic Acinetobacter Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Moraxella Moraxella catarrhalis • Moraxella lacunata Neisseria Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Neisseria meningitidis • Non-pathogenic species of Neisseria anaerobic Veillonella Veillonella alcalescens • Veillonella parvula cocobacilli aerobic Rickettsia Rickettsia prowazekii • Rickettsia rickettsii • Rickettsia typhi sticks aerobic Alcaligentes Alkaligentes feacalis Bartonella Bartonella bacilliformis • Bartonella henselae • Bartonella quintana Bordetella Bordetella bronchiseptica • Bordetella parapertussis • Bordetella pertussis Brucella Brucella abortus • Brucella canis • Brucella melitensis • Brucella suis Burkholderia Burkholderia cepacia • Burkholderia mallei • Burkholderia pseudomallei Francisella Francisella tularensis Legionella Legionella pneumophila Kingella Kingella denitrificans • Kingella kingae • Kingella oralis Pseudomonas Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Pseudomonas fluorescens Stenotrophomonas Stenotrophomonas maltophilia facultatively anaerobic Actinobacillus Actinobacillus equli • Actinobacillus lignieresii Aeromonas Aermonas caviae • Aeromonas hydrophila • Aeromonas sobria Afipia Afipia felis Citrobacter Citrobacter freundi • Citrobacter koseri Eikenella Eikenella corrodens Enterobacter Enterobacter aerogenes • Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia Escherichia coli Haemophilus Haemophilus ducreyi • Haemophilus haemolyticus • Haemophilus influenzae • Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella Klebsiella granulomatis • Klebsiella oxytoca • Klebsiella pneumoniae Pasteurella Pasteurella haemolytica • Pasteurella multocida • Pasteurella ureae Plesiomonas Plesiomonas shigelloides Proteus Proteus mirabilis • Proteus vulgaris Salmonella Salmonella Enteritidis • Salmonella Typhi • Salmonella Paratyphi Serratia Serratia marcescens Shigella Shigella boydii • Shigella dysenteriae • Shigella flexneri • Shigella sonnei Vibrio Vibrio cholerae • Vibrio parahemolyticus Yersinia Yersinia enterocolitica • Yersinia pestis • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis microaerophilic Campylobacter Campylobacter coli • Campylobacter fetus • Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter Helicobacter pylori anaerobic Bacteroides Bacteroides fragilis • Bacteroides vulgatus Fusobacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum • Fusobacterium nucleatum • Fusobacterium stabile Leptotricha Leptotricha buccalis Mobiluncus Mobiluncus curtisii • Mobiluncus mulieris Prevotella Prevotella melaninogenica Porphyromonas Porphyromonas gingivalis
acid resistant	sticks aerobic Mycobacterium Atypical mycobacteria • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Mycobacterium leprae
non-stainable G +/-	spiral strictly aerobic Leptospira Leptospira biflexa • Leptospira interrogans • Leptospira parva microaerophilic Borrelia Borrelia burgdorferi • Borrelia hermsi • Borrelia recurrentis • Borrelia vincenti strictly anaerobic Treponema Non-pathogenic treponems • Treponema carateum • Treponema pallidum • Treponema phagedenis • Treponema pertenue
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