Classification of mental and behavioral disorders

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The aim of classifying mental disorders

• Identify groups of patients who are similar in their clinical features, course of disease, outcome and response to treatment, aiding individual clinical management;
• Provide a common language for communication between patients, professionals and researchers;
• Improve the reliability (reproducibility among ≠ settings) and validity (correctness → by examining the consistency of symptoms, treatment responses, long term prognosis, genetic and biological correlates) of Dx

In Europe/rest of the world: ICD-10

• International Code for Diseases, 10th edition
• Published originally in 1993 by the WHO
• ICD-10 → ICD-11 (First release in Jan. 1 2022)

• F00-99
  • F.00 Dementia in Alzheimer´s disease (F00-F09: Organic mental disorders)
  • F10-19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance (10 alcohol, 14 cocaine)
  • F20-29: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders...

America: DSM-V

• Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders by the American Psychiatric Association
• DSM V (since 2013): American Society of Psychiatry
• They are already working now on the DSM- Vl
• Structure
  • Section l: Introduction
  • Section ll: Diagnostic Criteria and codes
    • Neurodevelopmental disorders : e.g. autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability
    • Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
    • Bipolar and related disorders
    • Depressive disorders
    • ...
  • Section lll: emerging measures and models

Differences of the ICD-10 and DSM-V

• ICD-10 + DSM-5 are categorical systems describing a group of discrete conditions (giving operational definitions, specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as number of symptoms and minimal durations)
• Concrete examples
  • Bipolar disorder (ICD-10) vs Bipolar l/ll (DSM-V)
  • acute polymorphic disorder with or without features of schizophrenia (ICD-10) vs Brief psychotic disorder (DSM-V)
  • Pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders (ICD-10) vs Autism spectrum disorder (DSM-V)
  • Mental retardation (ICD-10) vs intellectual disability (DSM-V)