Cluster designation

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Template:Heslo Cluster designation (sometimes also referred to as a cluster of differentiation) is the nomenclature hybridomas, which produce highly specific antibodies against certain proteins, immunoglobulin. These proteins and glycoproteins are most commonly found on leukocytes, but also on endothelium and other cells. These are transmembrane proteins. They are called (not quite correctly, but commonly) as CD characters, the cells that carry them then CD-n positive (eg CD-8 ^{+ < / sup>}).

Function[edit | edit source]

The proteins that make up the antigen for a CD antibody have a very wide range of effects and functions. These include "adhesion" molecules, components of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes receptors, and many others.

Diagnostic meaning[edit | edit source]

Some CD characters are so specific to each cell type that they can be used very well to accurately search for and label cells. An overview of the most important CD characters and the types of cells that carry them:

CD-2	immature T-lymphocytes
CD-3	all T-lymphocytes (part of 'TcR' ), except NK cells
CD-4	Helper T-ly
CD-7	T-ly located in thymu
CD-8	cytotoxic T-ly
CD-14	monocytes and macrophages
CD-15	neutrophil y, eosinophilic granulocytes
CD-16	NK cells, neutrophils
CD-19	B-lymphocyte y
CD-34	lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells
CD-38	plasma cells
CD-40	B-ly (isotype rearrangement in the presence of CD-40 ligand)
CD-45	pan-lymphocyte antigen
CD-56	NK cells
CD-58	endothelium, T-cell antigen presenting cells (CD-2 adhesion)
CD-64	'Fcγ receptor' (macrophages, neutrophils)
CD-68	dendritic cells
CD-80 and 86	antigen presenting cells to T cells	-	CD-95	FAS receptor
CD-203	basophilic granulocytes

Leukemia[edit | edit source]

Upon closer diagnosis of "leukemia", CD markers that express malignant leukocytes are monitored. This makes it possible to find out quite precisely which line and at what stage of maturation it is.