Diarrheal diseases (signpost)

Diarrhea is characterized by frequent bowel movements. This is a symptom with considerable subjective variation. Diarrhea is a common manifestation of various digestive disorders. Diarrheal diseases cause up to 20 million deaths a year worldwide, with young children most at risk.

According to etiology

• Viral gastroenteritis (viral diarrheal diseases)

1. Rotavirus enteritis
2. Adenovirus enteritis

• Bacterial gastroenteritis (bacterial diarrheal diseases)

1. Campylobacter enteritis (causative agent: Campylobacter jejuni)
2. Salmonella enteritis (causative agent: Salmonella enteritidis, S. typhimurium)
3. Typhoid fever (causative agent: Salmonella typhi)
4. Paratyphoid fever (causative agent: Salmonella paratyphi)
5. Shigellosis (causative agent: Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei)
6. Cholera (causative agent: Vibrio cholerae)
7. Infections caused by Escherichia coli

• Gastrointestinal parasitosis

1. Protozoa: Toxoplasmosis (causative agent: Toxoplasma gondii), Toxocarosis (Toxocara canis / cati), Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia), Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica), Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum)
2. Nematodes: Ascariasis (caused by: Ascaris lumbricoides), Trichuriosis (Trichuris trichiura), Trichinella spiralis, Enterobiosis (Enterobius vermicularis), Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanes, Dracunulus
3. Cestodes: Teniosis (agents: Taenia solium, Taenia saginata), Diphyllobothrium latum, (Hymenolepis nana), Echinococcus granulosus…

• Enterotoxicosis - caused by enterotoxins

• Drug-induced diarrhea: Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

References

Related articles

• Diarrhea (pediatrics)
• Differential diagnosis of diarrheal diseases
• Therapy of diarrheal diseases
• Antidiarrheals