Dysmenorrhoea

Characterized by pain and other somatic symptoms (diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, collapse) that begin just before menstrual bleeding and disappear after the next 2 -3 days. It occurs in up to 50% of women. In diff. dg. we have to distinguish between discomfort and significant difficulties, we must not neglect the possibility of simultaneously arising SAE.

Types

Endometriosis (secondary dysmenorrhea)

Primary (idiopathic, functional)

It occurs during the ovulation cycles of women who have not yet given birth. More often in asthenic women with vegetative dystonia or hypoplasia of the internal genitalia.

In the etiology, the increased production of prostaglandins (mainly PGF2α) by the endometrium, which leads to an increase in the activity of the myometrium, is applied. The consequence of this is an increase in intrauterine pressure and the development of tissue ischemia.

Secondary

It usually occurs in women over the age of 25. Pain caused by a pathological process in the pelvis (endometriosis, adenomyosis, myomatosis, inflammation, throat stenosis).

Diagnosis and Treatment

In addition to gynecological examination, we use hysterography, laparoscopy and others, as needed.

Treatment depends on the diagnosis. In the treatment of pain, we use combined hormonal contraception (ovulation blockade). NSAIDs are also effective (they affect the metabolism of prostaglandins), which we administer 2-3 days before the start of bleeding. In case of insufficient effect, we indicate calcium channel blockers or beta-mimetics (spasmoanalgesic effect). For the secondary type, we treat the primary cause.

Links

Related Articles

• Menstruation
• Ovarian cycle
• Premenstrual Syndrome

Source

• ROB, Luke – MARTAN, Alois – VENTRUBA, Paul, et al. Gynecology. 3. edition. Prague : Grada, 2019. 356 pp. ISBN 978-80-7492-426-2.

• BENEŠ, George. Study Materials [online]. [cit. 2009]. <http://jirben.wz.cz>.

• HÁJEK, Zdeněk – CZECH, Eugene – MARSHAL, Karel, et al. Obstetrics. 3. edition. Prague : Grada, 2014. 538 pp. ISBN 978-80-247-4529-9.