Examination methods in gastroenterology
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Imaging methods[edit | edit source]
- simple abdominal scan - parenchyma calcification, cyst; air levels in the intestinal loops ( ileus ),
- Enteroclysis - X-ray method of examination of the small intestine, double contrast (barium and air) is used, we obtain an image that shows the relief of the intestine,
- Irigoscopic examination - X-ray method with contrast, the contrast agent penetrates retrogradely during colonoscopy, the terminal ileum is examined,
- Abdominal ultrasound - 1st choice method; gallbladder wall thickness, pancreatic focal processes+ pancreatic duct width; changes in the thickness, lumen and contents of the intestinal loops ( Crohn's disease ),
- CT - changes of the liver + pancreas (tumor, lymph nodes),
- MRI - endocrine tumors of the GIT, an alternative to ERCP (main lesions of the biliary system),
- EUS (endoscope with ultrasound probe inserted into the stomach ) - structure + excretory system of the pancreas + lower part of the bile ducts, structure of the esophagus + stomach wall (early cancer),
- ERCP - the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary diseases + the possibility of therapeutic use; increasingly replaced by MRCP .
Endoscopic methods[edit | edit source]
- gastroscopy - examination of the stomach, duodenum , esophagus (morphology of the mucosa, biopsy, smear cytology),
- colonoscopy - the endoscope (after bowel preparation) is inserted through the rectum up to the Bauhin valve (or into the ileum); assessed: morphology + color of mucosa, vascular drawing of the intestine; biopsy, polypectomy,
- rectoscopy-anoscopy - examination with a rigid endoscope (dg., sclerotization of hemorrhoids )
- enteroscopy - vague bleeding from the upper part of the GIT, malabsorption syndrome, etc.,
- choledochoscopy, pancreaticoscopy - endoscopic papillosphincterotomy, microbiopsy of the mucosa of the excretory tract,
- laparoscopy (laparoscope over the abdominal wall after pneumoperitoneum formation) - liver + subclavian landscape, peritoneum changes , liver biopsy (replaced by targeted puncture under USG / CT),
- Liver biopsy - always check coagulation beforehand
References[edit | edit source]
Source[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- CHILD, P., et al. Internal Medicine. 2nd edition. Prague: Galén, 2007. ISBN 978-80-7262-496-6 .
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