Guide to Histology and Embryology Final/Embryology Oral

This guide was created for you to learn as much embryology in the least amount of time possible.

! The questions are numbered according to the numbers of questions in the list for the final exam (can be found in SIS->subjects->histology).

! There are 5 videos mentioned in the text below - the link to each will be in the MedSoc drive or shared using other channels (the reason being copyright).

! The pages mentioned in the guide are referring to Langman's Medical Embryology - 14th edition which can be downloaded from the MedSoc drive or borrowed in the library.

From the year 2021/22, the final exam is based on MCQ test and analysis of slides. Oral exam based of these questions takes into account only if one fails three-times (see rules in SIS).

General embryology

General remarks:

• It's not necessary to study molecular regulation in Langman.
• Study the clinical correlations only when the question explicitly says so

1. Development (maturation) of sperm

2. Development (maturation) of oocyte

• These first two questions are nicely put in Junqueira.

3. Fertilization and early development of the human embryo

• Watch the youtube video 1 (you can leave out the details about the fast/slow block to polyspermy in the video - not necessary for the exam)
• Remember what’s happening each day with the zygote!!! - questions in the final exams e.g.: Which day does the blastocyst enter the uterus? Which day does the implantation begin etc
• Facts about trophoblast - 13th day etc - what’s happening - in depth
• If you do have time to spare, read about this topic in Langman - if you’re not going to read Langman, please, learn the schemes from there and the structures they represent - pictures with arrows pointing at a structure which you have to name is very common in the final exam

4. Development and implantation of the blastocyst

• Langman, pages 42-49

5. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy

• Langman, pages 55 & 56

6. Development of the amniotic and yolk sacs, chorion

• Langman, pages 50-54
• Langman, pages 68-69 - read this one if you don’t fully understand it from the presentation and definitely go through the schemes and labels!!

It should start to make a bit more sense also when you learn about the placenta

7. Embryonic disc and its differentiation + 8. Formation of the germ layers

• That’s quite nicely put in the video I attached for early development or Langmann, pages 59-61

9. Development of the ectoderm and its differentiation

10. Development of the neuroectoderm and its differentiation

11. Neural crest and its differentiation - video 2 (just know the list of structures which develop from it!!!)

• Langman, pages 72-77 - if you don’t have time to read the text, PLEASE go through the pictures/schemes and its labels

12. Development of the mesoderm and its differentiation

• Langman, pages 80-85 & ninja nerd
• The basics:
  • Paraaxial - bones, muscles, dermis
  • Intermediate - urogenital system
  • Lateral:
    • parietal = somatic
    • visceral = splanchnic

13. Development of the axial structures (notogenesis)

14. Development of the notochord and its significance for development of other structures

• Langman, pages 59-61
• This video should help you imagine the processes quite well - video 3

15. Development of the endoderm and its differentiation

• Langman, pages 87-89

16. Origin and further development of the mesenchyme

• Langman, pages 80-84

17. Early development of the cardiovascular system

• Know what’s angiogenesis vs vasculogenesis
• Langman, pages 85

18. Primitive blood circulation

• Langman, pages 216-219 - it’s more of an anatomy question

19. Development of the facial region, nasal and oral cavity

• Schemes from Langman page 300-306 are crucial for this question
• This video should be enough - video 4

20. Development of the tooth

• Langman, pages 302 & Langman, pages 309-310
• video 5, i couldn’t find a better video

22. Development and anomalies of the umbilical cord

• Development: Langman, pages 118-119
• Anomalies: Langman, pages 114 & 120

21. Development and structure of fetal membranes

23. Structure of the placenta

25.Development of chorionic villi, hemoplacental barrier

• Langman, pages 110-118

24. Development and anomalies of the placenta

• Should be in the presentations

26. Growth of the conceptus, development of its shape + 27. Childbirth (parturition), signs of the full-term baby

• Langman, pages 106-109

28. Multiple pregnancies, twins and their fetal membranes

• Langman, pages 121-123

29. Summary of causes and manifestations of developmental anomalies

• Study from presentations

30. Basic conditions of teratogenesis, teratogens, critical periods

• Last two lectures
• Important: critical period: 3-8th week

And as for any histology topic, it's vital to use PRESENTATIONS - from lectures as well as from practicals.

Links

Related Articles

• Histology MCQs

Bibliography

• MESCHER, Anthony L.. Junqueira's Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 15th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2018. 1136 pp. pp. 1-1136. ISBN 9781260288414.

• SADLER, T.W.. Langman's Medical Embryology. 14th edition. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018. 456 pp. pp. 1-456. ISBN 1496383907.