Histology MCQs/Cell

Because of few cell types only, med students at the end of first year like Placozoa.

1 Where inside the cell takes place the ATP synthase?

	In the cell membrane
	In the the cytoplasm
	In the inner mitochondrial membrane
	In the outer mitochondrial membrane

2 Which is common number of chromosomes (diploid count) in the non-mitotic cell?

	21 pairs
	22 pairs
	23 pairs
	24 pairs

3 Which cytoskeletal structure is associated with dyneins?

	Vimentin
	Microtubules
	Actin filaments
	Intermediate filaments

4 Where takes place final sorting ("addressing") of proteins?

	Peroxisomes
	Golgi apparatus
	Rough endoplasmic reticulum
	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

5 For which molecules is a simple diffusion main mechanism of transportation through the cell membrane?

	Aminoacids
	Monosaccharides
	Lipophilic molecules
	Positively charged proteins

6 How are called enzymes which are responsible for fragmentation of cellular structures during apoptosis?

	Caspases
	Phosphatases
	Phosphokinases
	Adenylatcyclases

7 How are transported natrium ions through the cell membrane?

	Diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer
	Diffusion through the membrane rafts
	Through the specific channels
	Through the aquaporins

8 How is called the phase of the cycle in which is the cell in the rest and does not proliferate?

	G0 phase
	G1 phase
	G2 phase
	G3 phase

9 How is stored the glycogen?

	Glycogen is stored freely dissolved in the cytoplasm
	Glycogen is stored as granules in the cytoplasm
	Glycogen is stored inside membranous vacuoles
	Glycogen is stored as nuclear inclusions

10 How many membranes (biomembranes) form the nuclear envelope?

	One membrane
	Two membranes
	Three membranes
	There are no membranes is the nuclear envelope

11 Which of following statements describes lipofuscin the best?

	Material waiting for secretion out of the cell
	End-product of digestion in lysosomes
	Storage of molecules for further use
	Protection of the nucleus

12 Inner layer of the nuclear envelope is called lamina fibrosa. What is its chemical nature? (i.e., "Which molecules form the lamina fibrosa?")

	Proteins which belong to the intermediate filaments
	Proteins which belong to the microfilaments
	Polysaccharides related to the glycocalyx
	Lipoprotein particles

13 Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with kinesins?

	Intermediate filaments
	Actin filaments
	Microtubules
	Vimentin

14 What are lamins? (i.e., "Which structures are called lamins?")

	Intermediate filaments inside the cell nucleolus
	Intermediate filaments inside the cell nucleus
	Microfilaments inside the cell nucleolus
	Microfilaments inside cell nucleus

15 Which type of enzymes is inside lysosomes?

	Alcaline phosphatase
	Hydrolytic enzymes
	Phosphokinases
	Dehydrogenases

16 What is basic chemical structure of biological membrane?

	Phospholipid bilayer
	Cholesterol bilayer
	Protein-based web
	Polysaccharides

17 Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with myosin motors?

	Intermediate filaments
	Actin filaments
	Microtubules
	Vimentin

18 How is called well stainable (i.e. "darker") nuclear chromatin?

	Euchromatin
	Pars fibrosa
	Pars granulosa
	Heterochromatin

19 Nuclear envelope continues (i.e., is in association with, can be assumed as a part of) as other cell organelle. Which one?

	Nuclear envelope is completely separated, there are no similar organelles
	Rough endoplasmic reticulum
	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	Golgi apparatus

20 Which type of enzymes are usually present in peroxisomes?

	Peroxidase and alcaline phosphatase
	Phosphokinase and calatase
	Peroxidase and catalase
	Alcoholdehydrogenase

21 Which proteins are main proteins of the nucleosome?

	Cytokeratines
	Phosphatases
	Integrins
	Histones

22 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has several functions, but one of following functions is not the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which one?

	Metabolisms of some toxic compounds
	Synthesis of phospholipids
	Storage of calcium ions
	Synthesis of proteins

23 Vimentin (vimentin intermediate filaments) is marker of one cell population (i.e., it is present in huge amount). Which one?

	Cells of nerve tissue
	Cells of epithelial origin
	Cells of mesenchymal origin
	Cells originating in the neural crest

24 What is main function of histones?

	Histones are nuclear proteins which are involved mainly in arrangement of DNA
	Histones are nuclear proteins which are involved mainly in direct regulation of gene expression
	Histones are cytoplasmic proteins which are involved mainly in further processing of mRNA
	Histones are cytoplasmic proteins which are responsible mainly for regulation of life-span of mRNA

25 What does it mean that mitosis of stem cell is asymmetric?

	Daughter cells are different according to their genetics. Amount of genetic information in one if them is obviously smaller than in the second
	Daughter cells are different according to their function. One of them remains the stem cell whereas the second differentiates to mature cell
	Daughter cells are different according to their energetic. After cytokinesis, majority of mitochondria is in one daughter cell only
	Daughter cells are different according to their morphology. One of them is obviously smaller than the second

26 What is it a glycocalyx?

	Group of integral proteins serving as a support for membrane-associated polysaccharides
	Layer of peripheral proteins associated with outer side of the cell membrane
	Layer of peripheral proteins associated with inner side of the cell membrane
	Layer of saccharides bind on the the cell membrane

27 What is it an ubiquitin?

	Small protein which labels proteins targeted to degradation in proteasomes
	Small protein which labels proteins targeted to degradation in lysosomes
	Oligosaccharide which labels proteins targeted to degradation in proteasomes
	Oligosaccharide which labels proteins targeted to degradation in lysosomes

28 What is main function of cyclin-dependent kinases?

	Phosphorylation of other important protein and keeping the cell cycle in progress
	After binding of cyclins, these enzymes modify DNA
	After binding of cyclins, these enzymes replicate DNA
	Removing of used cyclines

29 What is main function of nucleolus?

	Synthesis of lipids
	Synthesis of sugars
	Synthesis of rRNA
	Synthesis of mRNA

30 What is main function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

	Synthesis of sterols (derivatives of cholesterol)
	Metabolic trasformation of toxic substances
	Synthesis of phospholipids
	Synthesis of proteins

31 What is not common for apoptosis?

	Spontaneous course of whole process
	Degradation of membrane proteins
	Fragmentation of DNA
	Consumption of energy

32 What is it a pinocytosis?

	Ingestion of big particles, for example death cells
	Passing of water and ions through membrane channels
	Ingestion of small volumes of fluid into the cell
	Excretion of material out of the cell

33 Where takes place checking of quality of packing of the proteins (quality of conformation)?

	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	Rough endoplasmic reticulum
	Golgi apparatus
	Lysosomes

34 Which of following cell junctions is usually responsible for mechanical cohesivity?

	Desmosome (macula adhaerens)
	Gap junction (nexus)
	Zonula adhaerens
	Focal adhesion

35 Which of following statements describes an active transport the best?

	Active transport is important for maintenance of activity of cell receptors
	Carrier proteins select molecules for the transport actively
	Active transport is a sign of metabolic activity of the cell
	Carrier proteins consume energy for main transport

36 Which of following statements describes an autophagy the best?

	Cell surrounds part of its own cytoplasm with organelles by a membrace which later on fuses with proteasomes. Resulting structure is called autophagosome and the content is digested.
	Cell surrounds part of its own cytoplasm with organelles by a membrane which later on fuses with lysosomes. Resulting structure is called autophagosome and the content is digested.
	Cell which is not true phagocyte ingests other labeled cell. Cell in cell is called autophagosome and its content is slowly dissolved.
	Balance of the cell metabolism is skewed from the anabolism to the catabolism, the cell seemingly slowly digest itself.

37 Which order of steps of mitosis is correct?

	Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
	Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase
	Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
	Anaphase - prophase - metaphase - telophase

38 Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with desmosomes (macula adhaerens)?

	Desmosomes are not associated with the cytoskeleton
	Intermediate filaments
	Actin filaments
	Mictotubules

39 Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with gap junctions (nexus)?

	Gap junctions are not associated with cytoskeleton
	Vimentin filaments
	Actin filaments
	Mictotubules

40 Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with zonulae occludentes (tight junction)?

	Intermediate filaments
	Vimentin filaments
	Actin filaments
	Mictotubules

41 Which type of cytoskeleton supports kinocillia?

	Intermediate filaments
	Vimentin filaments
	Actin filaments
	Mictotubules

42 Which staining is appropriate tool for proof of glycogen granules?

	Silver impregnantion according to Gömöri
	Azocoupling reaction
	Feulgen's reaction
	PAS reaction

43 Which statement about the intermediate filaments is true?

	Some intermediate filaments are temoporary structures, some are stable structures
	Rearrangement of intermediate filaments is perforemd without depolymerization
	Intermediate filaments polymerize and depolymerize quickly
	Intermediate filaments are stable structures

44 Which statement about the mitochondrial DNA is true?

	There can be some DNA inside mitochondria, but these fragments do not contain genes
	Mitochondria have they own circular DNA
	Mitochondria have they own linear DNA
	There is no DNA inside mitochondria

45 Which statement about the mitochondrial membranes is true?

	Mitochondria have three membranes - inner, middle and outer
	Mitochondria have two membranes - inner and outer
	Mitochondria have only one membrane
	Mitochondria have no membrane

46 Which statemnt about microtubules is true?

	Microtubules grow from the centrosome and quickly disintegrate
	Microtubules quickly form regular network inside the cell and quickly disintegrate
	Microtubules grow from the centrosome, the star-shaped network is stable
	Microtubules form stable regular network inside the cell

47 Which structure supports (i.e., forms their inner "skeleton") stereocillia?

	Intermediate filaments
	Vimentin filaments
	Actin filaments
	Mictotubules

48 Which technique allows us to distinguish different chromosomes?

	Lectin histochemistry using horse radish peroxidase as a label
	Immunohistochemistry labeled by fluorescent dye
	Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
	Feulgen's reaction

49 Which type of membrane receptors is not common in our cells?

	Receptors associated with ion channels
	Receptors associated with ATP synthase
	Receptors with own enzymatic activity
	Receptors associated with G proteins

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