Histology MCQs/Histological Technique

Today's histological laboratories are usually automated, but main principles are often old.

1 All statemets below are less or more related to the autolysis. Which of them is the best?

	Autolysis is decay of tissues caused mainly by bacteria
	Autolysis is decay of tissues caused mainly by action of the immune system
	Autolysis is decay of tissues caused mainly by enzymes produced inside the tissue
	Autolysis is decay of tissues caused by chemical compounds into which is the sample placed after harvesting

2 Azokoupling reaction (azocoupling method) is a proof of enzymatic activity. Which enzyme is usually detected?

	Alcaline phosphatase
	Alcoholdehydrogenase
	Non-specific esterase
	Horseradish peroxidase

3 Degradation of a biological material caused by bacteria is called:

	Apoptosis
	Autolysis
	Liquefaction
	Putrefaction

4 How is removed the water out of tissues during common histological processing?

	We use baths with xylene of subsequently higher and higher concentration
	We use baths with ethanol of subsequently higher and higher concentration
	We use baths with acetone of subsequently higher and higher concentration
	We use baths with benzene of subsequently higher and higher concentration

5 Which compound is proven by Feulgen's method (Feulgen's staining)?

	DNA
	RNA
	Proteins
	Polysaccharides

6 How is called harvesting (collecting) of biological material from deceased?

	Necropsy
	Necromancy
	Necrocomion
	Material from deceased is not called "biological material"

7 How is called harvesting (collecting) of biological material?

	Fine needle aspirational biopsy
	Core cut biopsy
	Trepanobiopsy
	Biopsy

8 How thick are usually slices of the sample which are being glued on the underlying slide? (note: Assume light microscopy only.)

	1 - 10 nm
	1 - 2 μm
	4 - 10 μm
	50 - 100 μm

9 Which type of a microscope has to use laser as a source of light?

	Confocal microscope
	Polarisation microscope
	Phase contrast microscope
	Scanning electron microscope

10 Which structure is demonstrated (stained) by luxol blue?

	Mucopolysaccharides
	Phospholipids
	Glycogen
	Lipids

11 What is main principle of visualization of PAS reaction? (i.e., "How it works in a nutshell?")

	Purple and insoluble product of reaction of Schiff's reagent with an aldehyde
	Green and insoluble product of reaction of Schiff's reagent with an aldehyde
	Purple and insoluble product of reaction of Lugol's reagent with an aldehyde
	Green and insoluble product of reaction of Lugol's reagent with an aldehydee

12 Which type of chemical interaction is main principle of basic (overview) staining methods?

	Van der Waals interactions between charged biomolecules and charged molecules of dyes
	Electrostatic interaction between charged biomolecules and charged molecules of dyes
	Covalent bonds between charged biomolecules and charged molecules of dyes
	It depends on the staining technique, different principles can be dominant

13 Among following dyes, only one is not acidic. Which one?

	Eosin
	Orange G
	Anilin blue
	Hematoxylin

14 Which of following dyes is not basic?

	Hematein
	Orange G
	Hematoxylin
	Methylen blue

15 Which macromolecules are proven by PAS reaction?

	RNA
	DNA
	Proteins
	Polysaccharides

16 How is called thechnique which is able to detect specific sequence of nucleic acid on the tissue section?

	In situ hybridization
	Lectin histochemistry
	Immunohistochemistry
	Feulgen's method

17 Which structure is highlighted using silver impregnation?

	Mukopolysaccharides
	Reticular fibers
	Elastic fibers
	Mucus

18 Which compound is stained by alcian blue?

	Mukopolysaccharides
	Phospholipids
	Glycogen
	Lipids

19 Which cellular structure is stained by aldehyde fuchsin?

	Reticular fibers
	Polysaccharides
	Elastic fibers
	Mucus

20 What stains orcein?

	Reticular fibers
	Polysaccharides
	Elastic fibers
	Mucus

21 Dyes of Sudan group are usually used as a staining for:

	Polysacharides
	Nucleid acids
	Proteins
	Lipids

22 Which basic (overview) staining technique is used the most often?

	Weigert - Van Gieson
	Mallory's trichrome
	Hematoxylin - eosin
	Masson's trichrome

23 Trichromatic methods (trichromes) are used for visualization of collagen. On which property of collagen is based this staining?

	Collagen fibers are basophilic
	Collagen fibers are eosinophilic
	Collagen fibers are amphiphillic
	Trichromes cannot be used for this purpose

24 What is main purpose of a cryotome?

	Slicing of frozen samples
	Slicing of desicated samples
	Slicing of samples embedded into water soluble media
	Slicing of samples embedded into water insoluble media

25 What is it a metachromasia? (i.e., What does it means a metachromatic staining?)

	Metachromatic structure actively repulses molecules of the dye
	Stained structure has different color than the color of the dye
	Metachromatic structure actively accumulates molecules of the dye
	Stained structure reacts chemically with the dye and this reaction changes substantially the chemical nature of the dye

26 What does it mean an excision?

	Surgical removing of part of organ
	Surgical removing of several organs
	Brush away free cells from the surface
	Harvesting of small cylinder of the tissue using a needle

27 What does it mean mounting of the slide?

	Final gluing of the covering slide
	Gluing of the slice on the underlying slide
	Covering the block of tissue by the paraffin
	Labeling of final slide by a bar- or QR code

28 What is it a diastase reaction?

	Modification of PAS reaction based on two slides. One of these slides is pretreated by an enzyme which digest a DNA
	Modification of PAS reaction based on two slides. One of these slides is pretreated by an enzyme which digest a glycogen
	Modification of Feulgen's reaction based on two slides. One of these slides is pretreated by an enzyme which digest a DNA
	Modification of Feulgen's reaction based on two slides. One of these slides is pretreated by an enzyme which digest a glycogen

29 What is it an indirect methods of immunohistochemistry?

	Label is used indirectly
	Label is bound to the primary antibody
	Label is bound to the secondary antibody
	Label is not bound to the primary antibody

30 What is it a negative control if the enzyme histochemistry is performed?

	Result of second staining which is again negative
	Sample in the workflow which surely lacks the analyzed structure
	Sample in the workflow which surely contains the analyzed structure
	Result of second staining which is negative, in contrast to the result of first staining

31 What is it a positive control if the enzyme histochemistry is performed?

	Result of second staining which is again positive
	Sample in the workflow which surely lacks the analyzed structure
	Sample in the workflow which surely contains the analyzed structure
	Result of second staining which is positive, in contrast to the result of first staining

32 What is it a direct method in immunohistochemistry?

	Label is bound to the primary antibody
	Label is bound to the secondary antibody
	Label is bound directly to the active site of the antibody
	Label is bound directly to the structure which should be demonstrated

33 Which structure is the best example of a basophilic structure?

	Ribosomes
	Mitochondria
	Lipid droplets
	Golgi apparatus

34 Which structure is the best example of an eosinophilic structure?

	Ribosomes
	Cell nucleus
	Collagen fibers
	Rough endoplasmic reticulum

35 Which chemical compound is usually main part of chemical fixatives?

	Acetone
	Formic acid
	Formaldehyde
	Osmium tetroxide

36 Which definition of a fixation is the best?

	Freezing of the sample
	Intense and careful drying up of the tissue
	Submersion the sample into the fixative fluid
	Fixation stops gently and quickly activity of enzymes inside the tissue

37 Which embedding medium is the most common?

	Agar
	Resin
	Gelatin
	Paraffin

38 Which is common color of nuclei after staining with hematoxylin eosin?

	Cherry-like red
	Blue to magenta
	Pink to red
	Pale pink

39 Which is color of the collagen if the green Masson's trichrome is used?

	Yellow
	Green
	Blue
	Red

40 Which is color or the collagen if the AZAN is used?

	Red
	Blue
	Green
	Yellow

41 Which label is the most widely used in immunohistochemistry for the electron microscopy?

	Hematoxylin
	Metal particles
	Enzyme labeling
	Fluorescent dye

42 Which label is the most widely used in immunohistochemistry for the light microscopy?

	Enzyme labeling
	Fluorescent dye
	Metal particles
	Hematoxylin

43 Which statement about a histochemistry is the most accurate? (i.e., "Select the best definition!")

	Histochemistry is an identification and visualization of chemical compounds inside cells and tissues
	Histochemistry is a measurement of concentration of chemical compounds inside tissues
	Histochemistry ia an analysis of chemical reaction inside cells
	Histochemistry is a research method only

44 Which statement about the chemical fixation describes it the best?(i.e., "Which statement is the most accurate?")

	Chemical fixation can be based on either induction of cross-linking or denaturation
	Chemical fixation can be performed only if the solution has room temperature
	Chemical fixation is based on acting of formaldehyde on protein
	Chemical fixation is used only exceptionally

45 Which statement about the physical fixation describes it the best?

	Physical fixation is based on cessation of transporting function of water
	Physical fixation is based on effects of microwave radiation
	Physical fixation is based on effects of high temperature
	Physical fixation is based on effects of low temperature

46 Which of following statements describes the curettage?

	Brush away free cells from the the surface of a mucosa
	Scrape of the tissue using a special tool
	Surgical removing of whole organ
	Surgical removing of whole organ

47 Why are histological samples stained?

	Tissues are colored to chaotically, we have to reduce the number of colors
	In fact, do dye is used, the term "staining" is a historical mistake
	Reason is purely aesthetic, true colors of tissues are too ugly
	Tissues are usually colorless, we have to add some colors

48 Why are trichromatic methods called "trichromatic"?

	True reason is hidden in history, now it makes no sense
	There are used three dyes, one basic and two acidic
	There are used three dyes, all three acidic
	There are used three dyes

49 Why is AZAN called AZAN?

	AZAN is an abbreviation of main principule - AZocoupling Anthracite Neutralization
	AZAN is an abbreviation of two main dyes - AZocarmine and ANiline blue
	AZAN is an abbreviation (from German) - Alle Zellen Azurblau Nichfarbige
	AZAN is a cool trade name only

50 Why is embedding of fixed sample important? (all statements are correct, select the best one)

	Embedding increases hardness without increasing the fragility
	Embedding increases durability of the sample
	Embedded samples can be easily stored
	Embedding is a tradition

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