Lung Tumors

Lung tumors are the most common tumor of the respiratory tract. Bronchogenic carcinoma predominates  . It is the most common tumor in men over 40 years , the maximum incidence is from 55 to 65 years. At the beginning of the 20th century it was rare, today it ranks first in some states. The incidence has an upward trend, especially in women. Bronchogenic carcinoma ranks first in cancer mortality. It accounts for about 1/3 of deaths.

Etiology

• Demonstrable relationship to smoking (85-90% of lung cancer patients are smokers),
• after smoking 200,000 cigarettes (consumed 20 a day, about 30 years) the risk of cancer is 50 times higher,
• ionizing radiation ( radon in uranium mines) and asbestos have other effects .

Lung adenocarcinoma

Classification

• primary
• non - small cell - squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma , large cell carcinoma

• small cell

• pulmonary carcinoid
• secondary (metastatic lung disease)
• benign lung tumors
   For more information see Bronchogenic Carcinoma.

Pulmonary carcinoid

Carcinoids are among the malignant tumors arising from the neuroectoderm . It represents 1-2% of all lung tumors  . .

Clinical picture

• hemoptysis , bronchial tree obstruction
• carcinoid syndrome is rare!

Diagnostics

• bronchoscopy
• determination of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine

Treatment

The standard is surgical treatment - lobectomy or parenchyma saving bronchoplastic resection.

Treatment of inoperable tumors:

• interferon α
• chemotherapy - vespesid + cisplatin, the best results are achieved by CHT in combination with interferon α

• symptomatic treatment - carcinoid syndrome (somatostatin analogues, antiserotonics)  .

Benign tumors

Chondroid hamartoma of the lungs

Benign tumors are characterized by their slow and non-invasive growth and inability to establish metastases . These include chondroid hamartoma and then mesenchymal tumors : fibromas, lipomas, myxomas, etc. They occur in the airways rather than the lung parenchyma. They have a limited shape, they are often stored peripherally. If they are found in the airways, they can cause coughing and shortness of breath.

Diagnostics

• CT

• bronchoscopy

Treatment

Tumor removal.

Secondary lung tumors

Lung metastases

Lung metastases are most commonly from breast , lung, gastrointestinal, renal , thyroid , head and neck tumors. Metastases are metachronous (after the manifestation of the primary tumor) rather than synchronous (simultaneously with the primary tumor). They are often diagnosed with a random chest X-ray. We divide them into solitary and multiple  .

Diagnostics

With knowledge of the primary bearing, diagnostics are not complicated.

• Lymphangitic carcinomatosis - a condition in which the lymph nodes of the lungs are metastatic

Treatment

• according to the primary deposit
• surgical according to the indication

Links

Related articles

• Bronchogenic carcinoma
• Lung
• Pancoast's tumor

Použitá literatura

• ČEŠKA, Richard. Interna. 1. edition. Praha : Triton, 2010. 855 pp. ISBN 978-80-7387-423-0.

• STŘÍTESKÝ, Jan. Patologie. 1. edition. Epava, 2001. ISBN 80-86297-06-3.