Main polluting factors of water
From WikiLectures
Water pollution can be divided into:
- local – wastewater from households, businesses, farms
- widespread - runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from fields (also seeps into groundwater)
Biological pllution[edit | edit source]
Biological pollution is mainly caused by organic substances (silage juice, faeces, etc.)
Chemical pollution[edit | edit source]
Chemical water pollution is mainly caused by:
- Oil and petroleum products – These substances form a thin film on the surface of the water that prevents oxygenation and damages the feathers and fur of animals.
- Detergents – These are cleaning and washing agents that contain so-called surfactants , i.e. surface-active substances that prevent gas exchange and are poisonous. If they also contain phosphates, they cause eutrophication of waters.
- Polychlorinated biphenyls – These substances are part of lubricants, paints and hydraulic fluids. These are toxic and carcinogenic substances that accumulate in fatty tissue. They seriously damage the nervous system, skin and immunity.
- Fertilizers and pesticides
- Heavy metals – Metals enter waterways from waste and emissions . They accumulate in organisms, mainly in fish and waterfowl.
Physical pollution[edit | edit source]
These are mainly the following types of pollution:
- Radioactive radiation – This pollution is caused by the mining and processing of uranium and the disposal of radioactive waste on the seabed.
- Thermal pollution – This is waste heat from the cooling water of power plants or from the metallurgical industry.
- Mechanical pollution – E.g. clogging of waterways.
Links[edit | edit source]
Related Articles[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- LEDVINA, Miroslav, Alena STOKLASOVÁ a Jaroslav CERMAN. Biochemie pro studující medicíny. 2. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2009, 269 s. ISBN 978-802-4614-144.
- BENEŠOVÁ, Marika. Odmaturuj! z chemie. Vyd. 1. Brno: Didaktis, 208 s. ISBN 80-862-8556-1.
- Prezentace ze stránek Ústavu lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky.