Manifestations of infectious diseases in the oral cavity

Herpetic gingivostomatitis (gingivostomatitis herpetica)[edit | edit source]

Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an enanthem disease of the tongue, gums and palate with small painful vesicles and ulcers and reddened mucosa. It is a manifestation of primary infection with herpes simplex virus, it occurs mainly in infants and toddlers. The pain does not allow the child to drink; the child salivates more.

Aphthous stomatitis

Differential diagnosis[edit | edit source]

aphthous stomatitis caused by other viruses
herpangina (Coxsackie A, B) - sore throat, whitish vesicles on the soft palate, uvula and tonsils, no gums affected, occurring in older children and adolescents, rather in the summer months
hand-foot-mouth syndrome (Coxsackie A)
aphthae epizooticae
aphthous and ulcerative manifestations in HIV-infected patients
primary syphilis
recurrent aphthae of various etiologies (carious teeth, dietary damage - nuts, rose hips)
Bednář's aphids of newborns
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Behçet syndrome
pemphigus vulgaris

Manifestation of exanthematous diseases in the oral cavity[edit | edit source]

Infectious mononucleosis

Palate[edit | edit source]

scarlatina (Scarlet fever), rubeola (rubella), morbilli (measles) - enanthema or petechiae
mononucleosis infectiosa (petechiae = Holzel's sign)

Tonsils[edit | edit source]

scarlatina (Scarlet fever, catarrhal to lacunar angina)
mononucleosis infectiosa (coating angina)
enterovirus rash (aphthae and ulceration in herpangina)

Koplik's stains

Buccal mucosa[edit | edit source]

morbilli (measles) - Koplik's stains
varicella

Tongue[edit | edit source]

scarlatina (Scarlet fever) - raspberry tongue = lingua scarlatinosa
varicella

Lips[edit | edit source]

scarlatina, Kawasaki syndrome - deep red
morbilli (measles) - deep red

Manifestations of HIV infection in the oral cavity[edit | edit source]

Infection[edit | edit source]

fungal: Candida albicans and non-albicans species (stomatitis angularis), Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans
viruses: EBV (hairy leukoplakia), HSV (oral herpes simplex), VZV (orofacial herpes zoster), CMV (ulceration)
bacteria: Treponema pallidum (syphilis primaria)

Kaposi's sarcoma

Tumors[edit | edit source]

Other diseases[edit | edit source]

aphthous stomatitis
primary HIV ulceration
HIV gingivitis
ulcerative HIV gingivitis
HIV periodontitis
necrotizing stomatitis

Epidemic parotiditis (parotitis epidemica)[edit | edit source]

Differential diagnosis:

purulent parotitis, sialoadenitis
sialolithiasis
recurrent aseptic parotitis
parotitis caused by herpes viruses (CMV) or enteroviruses (Coxsackie A)
parotidomegaly of HIV positive children
toxic parotidomegaly rarely caused by heavy metal poisoning (Hg, Pb)
tumorous swelling of the gland (hemangioma, lymphosarcoma, etc.)
Mikulicz syndrome (leukemia)
Sjögren's syndrome
metabolic sialopathy in diabetes (Charvat's symptom)

Links[edit | edit source]

Source[edit | edit source]

BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. [cit. 2010]. <http://jirben.wz.cz>

References[edit | edit source]

HAVLÍK, Jiří, et al. Infektologie. 2. vydání. Praha : Avicenum, 1990. 393 s. ISBN 80-201-0062-8.
LOBOVSKÁ, Alena. Infekční nemoci. 1. vydání. Praha : Karolinum, 2001. 263 s. ISBN 80-246-0116-8.
BENEŠ, Jiří, et al. Infekční lékařství. 1. vydání. Galén, 2009. 651 s. s. 402–403. ISBN 978-80-7262-644-1.