Tumors of the stomach

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma – HE preparation

Stomach cancer

Stomach tumors include all neoplasms arising from stomach tissues. The basic division is into benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors of the stomach include polyps (most often inflammatory and hyperplastic), as well as less frequently occurring leiomyomas, lipomas, fibromas, neurinomas and hemangiomas. The most common malignant tumor occurring in the stomach is carcinoma', more precisely adenocarcinoma. We also find lymphomas, carcinoid and stromal tumors here.

Benign stomach tumors

• The most common are polyps (from the epithelium of the gastric glands), followed by leiomyomass (solitary tumors arching the mucous membrane, manifested by bleeding, prone to malignant transformation ), as well as lipomass, fibromass, neurinomass and hemangiomass.
• Clinically mostly asymptomatic, passage disorders (bulky tumors in the pyloric area), bleeding, diagnosis of GFSK with biopsy can occur.
• Treatment – local excision (and preferably intraoperative biopsy), in case of large tumors or suspicion of malignancy gastric resection.
• Carcinoid of the stomach accounts for 5% of all carcinoids (the most common is in the appendix and ileum), gastric carcinoid has a greater risk of malignancy than in other locations.

Stomach cancer

Gastric cancer is a cancerous disease of the stomach wall that is currently the fourth most common cause of cancer death in Europe. It is the second most common malignant disease worldwide. Gastric cancer develops through a complex multistep process with several distinct histological and pathophysiological phases. The entire development is influenced by a complex of interactions between the bacteria, the environment, the genetic disposition of the host and molecular mechanisms. Much of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, but the basic connections are already known.

 For more information see Pathology of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Lymphomas of the stomach

1. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
   • Primary lymphoma is limited only to the stomach and possibly adjacent nodes, blood count and marrow normal.
   • Secondary lymphoma of the stomach arises as a manifestation of systemic lymphoma in up to 25%.
   • Symptoms like cancer, often manifests with complications (bleeding, obstruction, perforation).
   • Division of primary lymphomas of the stomach:
     • 'lymphoma with a high degree of malignancy - chemotherapy, or supplemented with radiotherapy;
     • MALToma (low-grade lymphoma) - caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori - eradication treatment.
2. Hodgkin lymphoma.
   • Primary lymphogranuloma of the stomach is very rare, it is almost always a systemic disease.
   • Treatment by gastric resection followed by chemotherapy.

Mesenchymal tumors of the stomach

Gastric mesenchymal tumors' (GIST) are rare (1% of stomach malignancies).

• Formerly classified as leiomyomas/leiomyosarcomas x composition corresponds to primitive mesenchymal structures (Cajalovy bb.) → collective designation gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
• Uncertain biological behavior; growth activity different (benign/malignant).
• Often a source of bleeding, they can grow to a considerable size.

Diagnostics

• endoUSG.

Therapy

• surgical.

Links

Related Articles

• Stomach
• Gastric carcinoma

Source

• PASTOR, Jan. Langenbeck's medical web page [online]. [cit. 2009-10-03]. <http://langenbeck.webs.com>.