Typical facial clefts

Typical facial clefts are many times more common than atypical. The most serious are general clefts.

The first genetic group[edit | edit source]

cleft lip, lip + jaw, general clefts
one- / two-sided
complete / incomplete
more often left-sided

Cleft lip[edit | edit source]

indicated – a small notch on the border of the lip in red in the place of the 2nd upper incisor
incomplete – lip split to different heights
complete – affects the entire lip incl. nostril threshold

cleft lip left seen from the front
partial cleft lip left seen from the front
cleft lip left seen from bottom

Cleft lip and jaw[edit | edit source]

the jaw can be cleft from a notch on the jaw to a complete cleft of the jaw into the foramen incisivum
in bilateral cases, the intermaxilla is pushed forward

cleft lip and palate left seen from bottom
cleft lip and palate both sides seen from below

Split total[edit | edit source]

the most difficult form I. genetic sk.
affected lip, jaw and palate
unilateral: deformation of the alveolar arch
bilateral: strongly advanced intermaxilla, depression of both lateral segments, nasal skin septum absent

The second genetic group[edit | edit source]

isolated cleft palate

partial – soft palate only
complete – hard and soft palate affected (often up to foramen incisivum)
submucosal – splayed soft palate muscles covered by intact mucosal duplication + cleft uvula

Cleft microforms[edit | edit source]

in both genetic studies; disposition to own clefts in offspring

asymmetric drop of the nose wing
upper lip scar and coloboma
deformation of the alveolar arch
atypia of shape + position of lateral incisors
Cleft uvula + Gothic palate

Links[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

MEŠŘÁK, Jan, et al. Introduction to plastic surgery. 1st edition. Prague: Charles University in Prague - Karolinum Publishing House, 2005. 125 pp. ISBN 80-246-1150-3 .