Basic biogenic amines
Biogenic amines are organic nitrogenous substances with high biological activity, which are formed by decarboxylation of amino acids with the simultaneous release of CO2, the cofactor is pyridoxal phosphate.
Ethanolamine[edit | edit source]
It is formed by decarboxylation of serine. It is triple methylated to form choline. Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine. The enzyme choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. Ethanolamine and choline are part of phospholipids - phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
Acetylcholine
Choline
Ethanolamine
Dopamine[edit | edit source]
It is formed from tyrosine. The enzyme tyrosinhydroxylase hydroxylates tyrosin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Subsequently, DOPA-decarboxylase (PLP cofactor) cleaves CO2 to form dopamine. noradrenalin can be formed from dopamine by hydroxylatio and then adrenaline by methilation.
γ-aminobutyric acid = GABA[edit | edit source]
It is formed from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase.
Histamine[edit | edit source]
It is formed from histidine by histidine decarboxylase.
β-alanine[edit | edit source]
It is formed by decarboxylation of aspartate, but they are also formed during the breakdown of pyrimidine bases. It is part of Coenzyme A.
Cysteamine[edit | edit source]
It is formed by decarboxylation of cystein. It is part of coenzyme A.
Tryptophan derivatives[edit | edit source]
Tryptamine[edit | edit source]
It is formed by decarboxylation of an aromatic amino acid tryptophan. It is a regulatory molecule whose function is still little known.
Serotonin[edit | edit source]
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is also a biogenic amine. It arises from tryptophan after hydroxylation (by tryptophan-5-monoxygenase with the participation of tetrahydrobiopterine) and the after decarboxylation.
Melatonin[edit | edit source]
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is synthesized from serotonin by N-acetylation followed by O-methylation.
Links[edit | edit source]
Related articles[edit | edit source]
Used literature[edit | edit source]
- MATOUŠ, Bohuslav, et al. Základy lékařské chemie a biochemie. 1. edition. Praha : Galén, 2010. pp. 540. ISBN 978-80-7262-702-8.
