Bleeding in pregnancy

The main causes of bleeding in pregnancy:

Pathological placement of the placenta[edit | edit source]

Placenta deposition

Insertio placentae profunda - the placenta extends from the body a little into the lower uterine segment, but does not reach the internal gate;
placenta praevia marginalis' - its edge extends to the inner gate:
- during delivery, the lower segment comes up, thus the marginal placement can become partial (exceeds the edge of the goal);
placenta praevia partialis - the edge partially overlaps the gate, when the gate is dilated, the edge of the placenta can be seen;
placenta praevia centralis (totalis) - the placenta covers the inner gate:
- it can be pulled up during childbirth together with the lower segment and ceases to be an obstacle to childbirth.

Disturbances in the transport of a fertilized egg - the egg is only capable of nesting from a certain time after ovulation. If transport through the tube is too fast, it reaches nidation maturity only in the region of the isthmus.
Changes in the morphology of the uterine wall - the wall may be lax after previous births and the egg will pass into the lower segments of the uterus
endometrial disorders:
- the result of abrasive curettage (the endometrium may be completely absent);
- insufficient decidual transformation (e.g. over a myoma) - placenta membranacea is often formed, which grows into the surrounding area, up to 1/3 of which is entrapped.

It can arise because the placenta does not find as much space to grow in the lower segment, the production of hCG decreases and the corpus luteum can disappear. More often, however, the abortion does not occur and the pregnancy continues.

If the pregnancy continues, in the second trimester, the lower segment begins to grow, which leads to partial separation of the bed and bleeding again;
repeated blood losses lead to anemization;
the closer to childbirth, the more contractions (dilation of the throat), the more frequent and stronger the bleeding;
but sometimes it can be completely asymptomatic;
the occurrence of pathological positions of the fetus is more common (the placenta prevents the head from entering the pelvis) - if we find a pathological position towards the end of the pregnancy, we should exclude the en route bed.

ČECH, Evžen, et al. Obstetrics. 2. edition. Prague : Grada, 2006. ISBN 80-247-1303-9.

Quadruplets of developed questions according to the study materials of J. Beneš, L. Mikšík, e-learning and the book of gynecology and obstetrics / Martius 2005 /.