Classification of hearing disorders

According to the period of origin, we distinguish disorders:

1. congenital (prenatal);
2. acquired (perinatal and postnatal).

According to the place of damage to the auditory system, we distinguish disorders:

1. central – damage is at level II–IV. auditory pathway neuron; less common cause is trauma or tumor;
2. peripheral – the damage is at the level of the external ear to the nuclei of the auditory nerve;
   1. conduction – obstruction in the outer or middle ear; it can be a sebaceous plug or inflammation in the external auditory canal, perforation of the eardrum, acute or chronic inflammation of the middle ear, catarrh of the Eustachian tube, otosclerosis;
   2. perceptual – damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve;
      1. cochlear – damage to the cochlea; etiologically, it can be presbyacusis, socioacusis, Ménière's disease, ischemic or toxic inner ear damage;
      2. retrocochlear – damage to the auditory nerve and its nuclei; most often it is inflammation, trauma or tumor (vestibular schwannoma).

Auditory system

Links

related articles

• Hard of hearing
• Examination methods in ENT/overview
• Hearing examination
• Examination of the balance system
• Hearing

References

• KLOZAR, Jan. Speciální otorinolaryngologie. 1. edition. 2005. 224 pp. ISBN 80-7262-346-X.

• HYBÁŠEK, Ivan. Ušní, nosní a krční lékařství. 1. edition. 1999. 220 pp. ISBN 80-7262-017-7, 80-7184-949-9.