Examination methods in ENT/overview

Nose[edit | edit source]

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
Instrumental examination: anterior rhinoscopy, posterior rhinoscopy.
Nasal endoscopy.
Imaging method: diaphanoscopy, X-ray, CT, MRI.
Other examination methods: cytology of the nasal mucosa, mucociliary clearance, β₂ -transferrin examination, cytological examination, bacteriological examination, nasal provocation tests, measurement of nasal patency (rinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, PEF – peak expiration flow).

Normal laryngoscopic findings : 1 – plica vocalis, 2 - plica vestibularis, 3 – epiglottis, 4 – plica aryepiglottica, 5 – tuberculum corniculatum et cuneiforme, 6 – recessus piriformes, 7 – root of the tongue

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
Instrumental and endoscopic examination: indirect laryngoscopy, magnifying laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy.
Stroboscopy.
Imaging methods: CT, MRI, USG (lymph nodes of the neck).

Ear[edit | edit source]

Otoscopic image : A – pars tensa, B – anulus fibrocartilagineus, C – umbo, D – prominentia malearis (short protuberance of the hammer), E – stria malearis (handle of the hammer), F – pars flacida, G – long arm of the anvil

Ear examination[edit | edit source]

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
Otoscopy (by eye or using a microscope).
Imaging methods: X-ray (projection according to Schüller, projection according to Stenverse), CT, MRI.

Hearing examination[edit | edit source]

Speech Hearing Examination.
Tuning tests (Rinne's test, Weber's test, Schwabach's test).
Tone audiometry.
Verbal audiometry.
BERA (brainstem evoked response audiometry).
Otoacoustic emissions.

Pharynx[edit | edit source]

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: aspect, aspect after compressing the tongue with a spatula, palpation.
Instrumental and endoscopic examination: epipharyngoscopy with a mirror or using optics, magnifying laryngoscopy.
Panendoscopy: general endoscopic examination performed under general anesthesia and including epipharyngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, hypopharyngoscopy and esophagoscopy.
Imaging methods: CT, MRI, USG (lymph nodes of the neck).

Thyroid Gland[edit | edit source]

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
Imaging methods: USG, USG + FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy), scintigraphy, T, MRI.
Laboratory tests: free fraction T₃, Tsub>4, TSH, calcitonin, antibodies against the thyroid gland.

Salivary Gland[edit | edit source]

Anamnesis.
Physical examination: asspection, palpation, bimanual palpation.
Imaging methods: USG, USG + FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy), sialography, CT, MRI.

Links[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

KLOZAR, Jan, et al. Speciální otorinolaryngoskopie. 1. Praha : Galén, 2005. 224 s. ISBN 80-7262-346-X, ISBN 80-246-1125-2