| Clostridium spp.
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| Clostridiaceace
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| Clostridium
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| Morphology
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G + sticks
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| Relation to oxygen
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anaerobic
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| Occurrence
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soil, mud, ponds, rivers and the coast, dust, vegetation, many species are commensal in the intestines of vertebrates and humans
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| Disease
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neurointoxication, necrotizing toxin infections, intestinal disease processes
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| Therapy
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beta lactam ATB (penicillin G), cephalosporins (cefoxitin), deoxylinecomycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, tetracyclines, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole
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Template:Infobox - bacteria
An important group of bacteria, whose common characteristics are sensitivity to oxygen and the ability to sporulate. Developmentally, it belongs to a very old group of bacteria with numerous links to archaebacteria.
- Morphology: G + rods, variously long and wide, mostly straight.
- Occurence: Widespread in nature, occur in soil, mud (ponds, rivers, sea coast), dust, vegetation. Many species saprophyte in the gut of vertebrates and humans.
Clostridia cause 3 types of disease:
- BEDNÁŘ, M, V FRAŇKOVÁ and J SCHINDLER, et al. Medical microbiology - bacteriology, virology, parasitology. 1st edition. Prague: Marvil, 1996. 558 pp. ISBN 80-238-0297-6 .
| Bacteria
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|
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| G +
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| coke
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| aerobic
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| Micrococcus
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Micrococcus luteus
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|
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| Rhodococcus
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Rhodococcus equi
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|
|
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| facultatively anaerobic
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| Enterococcus
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Enterococcus durans • Enterococcus faecalis • Enterococcus faecium
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|
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| Streptococcus
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Streptococcus agalactiae • Streptococcus mutans • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Streptococcus pyogenes • Streptococcus suis • Oral streptococci
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|
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| Staphylococcus
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Staphylococcus aureus • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Staphylococcus intermedius • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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|
|
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| anaerobic
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| Peptococcus
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Peptococcus niger
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|
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| Peptostreptococcus
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Peptostreptococcus anaerobius • Peptostreptococcus prevotii • Peptostreptococcus vaginalis
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|
|
|
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| sticks
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| aerobic + facultative anaerobic
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| Arcanobacter
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Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
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|
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| Bacillus
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Bacillus anthracis • Bacillus cereus
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|
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| Corynebacterium
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Corynebacterium jeikeium • Corynebacterium ulcerans • Corynebacterium urealyticum
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|
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| Erysipelothrix
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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|
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| Listeria
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
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| Nocardia
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Nocardia asteroides • Nocardia brasiliensis
|
|
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| Rhodococcus
|
Rhodococcus equi
|
|
|
|
| anaerobic
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| Actinomyces
|
Actinomyces israeli • Actinomyces naeslundi
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|
|
| Bifidobacterium
|
Bifidobacterium dentium
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|
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| Clostridium
|
Clostridium botulinum • Clostridium difficile • Clostridium novyi • Clostridium tetani • Clostridium perfringens • Clostridium septicum • Clostridium ulcerans
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|
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| Lactobacillus
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Lactobacillus acidophilus
|
|
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| Propionibacterium
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Propionibacterium acnes • Propionibacterium propionicus
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|
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|
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| Go
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| coke
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| aerobic
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| Acinetobacter
|
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
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|
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| Moraxella
|
Moraxella catarrhalis • Moraxella lacunata
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|
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| Neisseria
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Neisseria meningitidis • Non-pathogenic species of Neisseria
|
|
|
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| anaerobic
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| Veillonella
|
Veillonella alcalescens • Veillonella parvula
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|
|
|
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| cocobacilli
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| aerobic
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| Rickettsia
|
Rickettsia prowazekii • Rickettsia rickettsii • Rickettsia typhi
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|
|
|
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| sticks
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| aerobic
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| Alcaligentes
|
Alkaligentes feacalis
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|
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| Bartonella
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Bartonella bacilliformis • Bartonella henselae • Bartonella quintana
|
|
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| Bordetella
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Bordetella bronchiseptica • Bordetella parapertussis • Bordetella pertussis
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|
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| Brucella
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Brucella abortus • Brucella canis • Brucella melitensis • Brucella suis
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|
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| Burkholderia
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Burkholderia cepacia • Burkholderia mallei • Burkholderia pseudomallei
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|
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| Francisella
|
Francisella tularensis
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|
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| Legionella
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
|
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| Kingella
|
Kingella denitrificans • Kingella kingae • Kingella oralis
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|
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| Pseudomonas
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Pseudomonas fluorescens
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|
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| Stenotrophomonas
|
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
|
|
|
|
| facultatively anaerobic
|
| Actinobacillus
|
Actinobacillus equli • Actinobacillus lignieresii
|
|
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| Aeromonas
|
Aermonas caviae • Aeromonas hydrophila • Aeromonas sobria
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|
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| Afipia
|
Afipia felis
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|
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| Citrobacter
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Citrobacter freundi • Citrobacter koseri
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|
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| Eikenella
|
Eikenella corrodens
|
|
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| Enterobacter
|
Enterobacter aerogenes • Enterobacter cloacae
|
|
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| Escherichia
|
Escherichia coli
|
|
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| Haemophilus
|
Haemophilus ducreyi • Haemophilus haemolyticus • Haemophilus influenzae • Haemophilus parainfluenzae
|
|
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| Klebsiella
|
Klebsiella granulomatis • Klebsiella oxytoca • Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
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| Pasteurella
|
Pasteurella haemolytica • Pasteurella multocida • Pasteurella ureae
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|
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| Plesiomonas
|
Plesiomonas shigelloides
|
|
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| Proteus
|
Proteus mirabilis • Proteus vulgaris
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|
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| Salmonella
|
Salmonella Enteritidis • Salmonella Typhi • Salmonella Paratyphi
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|
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| Serratia
|
Serratia marcescens
|
|
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| Shigella
|
Shigella boydii • Shigella dysenteriae • Shigella flexneri • Shigella sonnei
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|
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| Vibrio
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Vibrio cholerae • Vibrio parahemolyticus
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|
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| Yersinia
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Yersinia enterocolitica • Yersinia pestis • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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|
|
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| microaerophilic
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| Campylobacter
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Campylobacter coli • Campylobacter fetus • Campylobacter jejuni
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|
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| Helicobacter
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
|
|
|
| anaerobic
|
| Bacteroides
|
Bacteroides fragilis • Bacteroides vulgatus
|
|
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| Fusobacterium
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Fusobacterium necrophorum • Fusobacterium nucleatum • Fusobacterium stabile
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|
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| Leptotricha
|
Leptotricha buccalis
|
|
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| Mobiluncus
|
Mobiluncus curtisii • Mobiluncus mulieris
|
|
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| Prevotella
|
Prevotella melaninogenica
|
|
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| Porphyromonas
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
|
|
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| acid resistant
|
| sticks
|
| aerobic
|
| Mycobacterium
|
Atypical mycobacteria • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Mycobacterium leprae
|
|
|
|
|
|
| non-stainable G +/-
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| spiral
|
| strictly aerobic
|
| Leptospira
|
Leptospira biflexa • Leptospira interrogans • Leptospira parva
|
|
|
|
| microaerophilic
|
| Borrelia
|
Borrelia burgdorferi • Borrelia hermsi • Borrelia recurrentis • Borrelia vincenti
|
|
|
|
| strictly anaerobic
|
| Treponema
|
Non-pathogenic treponems • Treponema carateum • Treponema pallidum • Treponema phagedenis • Treponema pertenue
|
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| Portal: Microbiology
|
