Histopathological changes in the skin

The same pathological processes take place in the skin as in other tissues: i.e. regressive, progressive, inflammation, congenital developmental disorders, tumours, circulatory disorders, hyperemia, anemia, hypertrophy and others. In addition, we find special pathological-anatomical changes here.

Pathological-anatomical changes[edit | edit source]

Hyperkeratosis – expansion of the stratum corneum, other layers narrowed, normal and expanded (developmental deviations, inflammation, tumours etc.).
Parakeratosis – mperfect keratinization, flattened nuclei of keratinized cells preserved in the stratum corneum (in case of inflammation, psoriasis).
Dyskeratosis – a disorder of keratinization, premature keratinization of cells, characteristic horn grains and bodies ("grains" and "corps ronds" are formed in their plasma; for example Darier's dyskeratosis, squamous cell carcinoma).
Acanthosis – expansion of the malpighian part of the epidermis, by cell proliferation, usually accompanied by lengthening and expansion of interpapillary pins (reaction to inflammatory processes, in tumors, etc.).
Spongiosis, intercellular edema – expansion of intercellular spaces (eczema, dermatitis).
Intracellular edema – degenerative cell changes: cavitary, hydroptic, reticular, balloon or vacuolar degeneration (various inflammations).
Atrophy of the epidermis – loss of various layers (especially the stratum spinosum).
Papillomatosis – finger-like extension of papilla coria, often together with acanthosis, papillae can branch at the top (warts, papillomas).
Acantholysis – dissolution of desmosomes, between the cells of a slit to a blister (mostly in pemphigus).

Dyskeratosis of squamous cell carcinoma
Lichen ruber chronicus − acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, spongiosis are present
Pemphigus vulgaris − loss of keratinocyte cohesiveness (acantholysis) with the formation of fissures or blisters