Pathological placement of placenta

Types of pathological location

1. Insertio placentae profunda – the placenta extends into the lower uterine segment, but does not reach the internal gate even during childbirth.
2. Placenta praevia marginalis – its edge extends to the inner gate, during childbirth (during dilatation of the cervix/gate) it can turn into placenta praevia partialis.
3. Placenta praevia partialis – partially covers the hilum, when the hilum is dilated we can see the edge of the placenta.
4. Placenta praevia centralis (totalis) – completely covers the internal gate.

Causes

• Disturbances in the transport of a fertilized egg - the egg is only able to nest after a certain period of time, if the transport through the tube is too fast, it reaches nesting maturity only in the area of ​​the isthmus.
• Changes in the morphology of the uterine wall - the uterine wall is lax after previous births and the egg passes into the lower segments of the uterus.
• Endometrial disorders:
  • the result of abrasive curettage (the endometrium may be completely absent);
  • insufficient decidual transformation (e.g. above myoma), in this case, the so-called placenta membranacea often arises, which grows into the surrounding area, in up to 1/3 of cases such a placenta is entrapped.

Symptoms

• Bleeding – the main and often the first symptom; repeated bleeding can lead to anemia of the mother.
• Miscarriage – does not happen often.
• Asymptomatic course.

Placenta praevia: video in English, definition, pathogenesis, symptoms, complications, treatment.

Links

Related Articles

• Placenta
• Womb
• Female genitalia
• Bleeding in pregnancy
• Bleeding conditions in obstetrics
• Episiotomy

References

• ČECH, Evžen – HÁJEK, Zdeněk – MARŠÁL, Karel, et al. Porodnictví. 2. edition. Praha : Grada, 2006. 544 pp. ISBN 80-247-1303-9.

• BRECKWOLDT, Meinert, et al. Gynekologie a porodnictví. 1. edition. Martin : Osveta, 1997. 648 pp. ISBN 80-88824-56-7.

• BENEŠ, Jiří. Otázky z části Porodnictví [online]. ©2008. [cit. 2011-11-27]. <http://jirben2.chytrak.cz/materialy/porodnictvi_JB.doc>.